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TS 10th Class Social 4th Lesson Questions and Answers - Climate of India

Question 1.
Read the following statements and find out they are an example of weather oc climate?
  1. During the last few years, many glaciers have melted in the Himalayas
  2. During the last few decades, drought in Vidarbaha region has increased

Answer:

  1. It is an example of weather
  2. It is an example of climate
Question 2.
Describe Indias climate controls?

Answer: The factors that affect climate are called climatic controls, These include

  1. Latitude
  2. Land - water relationship
  3. Relief
  4. Upper air circulation
  5. Latitude: In India, the southern part has n the tropical belt closer to the equator. Therefore this region has higher average temperature than the northern part. This is the reason for the climate of Kanyakumari being entirely different from Bhopal or Delhi. India is situated roughly between 8° and 370 N latitudes and the country is divided into almost two equal parts by the Tropic of Cancer. The part south of the Tropic of Cancer lies in the tropical zone. The part north of the Tropic of Cancer lies in the temperate zone
  6. Land-water relationship: A large part of southern India. because of its long coastline, comes under the moderating influence of the sea. As such, the difference between the temperature of day and night a that of summer and winter is not much. This is known as equable climate. If we compare similar places on the same latitude and altitude, we can appreciate the effect of the sea
  7. Relief: Several hilt stations of the Himalayan region like Shimla. Gulmarg, Nainital and Darjeeling have a cool climate oven during the peak summer months. Similarly, Kodaikanal and Udagamandalam (Ooty) have cooler climates, compared to places near the coast
  8. Upper atmospheric circulation: The climate of India Is also affected by the movement of upper air currents known as jet streams. These are fast-flowing air currents in a narrow belt in the upper atmosphere, above 12,000 m. The speed varies from about 110 knVh In summer to about 184 km/h in winter. An easterly jet stream develops at about 25°N. A Jet stream causes the neighbouring atmosphere to cool. This coding effect of the easterly jet stream causes ram from clouds already found over this latitude (25°N)
Question 3.
Write a short note on factors Influencing climatic variations in hilly areas and deserts?

Answer: The factors in climatic variations in hilly areas: Normally, climatic conditions become colder as altitude increases. At higher altitudes. the temperature drops. Specifically, temperature goes down 6°C for every 1000 metres of ascent. This happens because air pressure decreases, allowing the air to expand and get colder. Cooler temperatures translate to less evaporation and more moisture in the air, which is why high elevations often have a lot of snowfall, High lands sometimes prevent air from moving to other low areas, meaning that the transport of water Is also limited. This can result in a very dry or desert-like climate in the lower regions

The factors In climatic variations in deserts: Desert areas are generally low n precipitation and in relative humidity and high in temperature. The areas are associated mainly with divergent air flows at low altitudes, with atmospheric subsidence and stability. Relief of the desert plays a crucial role in its temperature being decided and the inland nature shuns any influence at the land-water relationship. The rainfalls in these regions are scanty and diurnal temperature range Is very high

Question 4.
How are human activities contributing to global warming?

Answer: Human activities contribute to ornate change by causing changes in Earths atmosphere in the amounts of greenhouse gases, aerosols and cloudiness. The largest known contribution comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide gas to the atmosphere

Greenhouse gases and aerosols affect climate by altering incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared radiation that are part of Earths energy balance Changing their atmospheric abundance or properties of these gases and particles can lead to a warming or cooling of the climate system

Since the start of the industrial era (about 1750), the overall effect of human activities on climate has been a warming influence. The human impact on climate during this era greatly exceeds that due to known changes in natural processes such as solar changes and volcanic eruptions

Question 5.
What are the disagreements between developed and developing countrIes about AGW?

Answer: There are disagreements between the developed countries (mainly industrialized, economically more advanced counties of the West) and developing countries (countries that are not as industrialised) about AGW (Anthropogenic Global Warming). Developed countries want developing countries to cut down on burning coal and other activities that add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Developing countries argue that developed countries developed precisely by burning fossil fuels in their development

Developing countries say that their economic development will be seriously damaged If they dont burn fossil fuels (mainly coal), and that developed countries should do their fair share of work to help find alternatives that can help the developing countries to progress

Question 8.
How is climate change causing global warming? Suggest measures to minimise the influence of the global warming?

Answer:

  1. Now heating of earth is much more rapid and could lead to catastrophic changes
  2. Much of the warming has been occurring since the Industrial Revolution
  3. Volumes of methane under the frozen tundras of northern latitudes is discovered
  4. As global temperature increases, the ice in the tundra melts more
  5. The methane trapped in, the ice escapes into the atmosphere increasing global temperatures
  6. In turn, this causes even more ice to melt, releasing more methane, and so on
  7. To minimize the influence of the global warming, we should plan to reduce the emissions
    8. of greenhouse gases like CO2, Methane, etc
  8. We should take up afforestation
  9. We should encourage public transport
  10. We should minimize the use of refrigerators and air conditioners, etc
Question 7.
Observe the following climograph and answer the following questions?
  1. Which month received the highest rainfall
  2. Which months experience the highest and the lowest temperature
  3. Why does the maximum amount of rainfall happen between June and October
  4. Why Is the temperature high between March and May
  5. Identify relief conditions causing variation in temperature and rainfall

Answer:

  1. August month received the highest rainfall
  2. The highest temperature is experienced in the month of May. The lowest temperature is experienced in the month of December
  3. The maximum amount of rainfall Is received n Hyderabad between the months of June
    4. and October, The reason for this is the presence of southwest monsoons.
  4. The temperature is high between March and May because it is summer season
  5. Hyderabad is located in the Deccan Plateau. It is situated at an elevation of 600m from the mean sea level
Question 8.
Read the 4th para of page 54, i.e. "Earlier cycles of ........... because of human activities" and comment on it. Earlier, cycles of cooling and warming happened over very long periods of time. This allowed most of the life on Earth the time to adapt to the changes. The problem now is that the healing is much more rapid and could lead to Cala strophic changes. Much of the warming that has been occurring since the Industrial Revolution is because of human activities?

Answer: The issue discussed in this paragraph is that the industrial revolution causes for many changes related to the atmosphere. Warming is increased over the period. Human activities are the reasons for these changes

Healing is gradually increasing because of human activities like using of vehicles, plastic, refrigerators, cell phones, and releasing of industrial effluents. Deforestation is also one of the major reasons. The trees are helpful in maintaining the weather cool. More and more greenhouse gases are released due to industrialization. In a way, the increase in industrialization is useful in making the lite easy but t created much damage to the atmosphere. Improvement of Industries is acceptable but everyone should think of future

Development and modernization should not become the hurdle to the human life. Though there is a development of industries it should not affect the life of future generations. If it is done in this way it is not sustainable development. The pollution and damage to the nature affects the human life. So human beings should think of their activities keeping the future in mind

Project

Question 1.
Collect the local proverbs/ sayings related to climate and weather in your region?
  1. A Rainbow in the morning is the Sailors Warning
  2. A Rainbow at night is the Sailors delight
  3. When the dew is on the grass, rain will never come to pass

Answer: "Red sky at night, sailors delight. Red sky in the morning, sailor take warning." "Mares tails and mackerel scales make tall ships take in their sails." "Clear moon, frost soon." "Halo around the sun or moon, rain or snow soon." "Rainbow in the morning gives you fair warning." "When the stars begin to huddle, the earth will soon become a puddle."

Question 2.
Both the developed and developing countries are releasing Green house gases into atmosphere. As a result, many disasters are happening. Collect information, pictures and discuss, on its severe consequences in classroom?

Answer: The anthropogenic component of the greenhouse effect is caused by mans activities that emit greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. The most important of these is the burning of fossil fuels. Changes in land use are also important sources of greenhouse gas emissions. For example, deforestation results in the emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere that was previously stored on the Earths surface in the form of trees and other vegetation, or locked up in soils

We emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere in enormous quantities because we burn so much fossil fuel and the changes in land use that we have implemented are so widespread. This ¡s why carbon dioxide is the most important gas in the man-made component of the greenhouse effect.

TS 10th Class Social 4th Lesson Climate of India Intext Questions

Question 1.
Collect some more similar newspaper reports. (Project Work) Are these indicators of some change or just a variation that happens once in a long time? Invite some meteorological officials or college faculty to discuss these developments?

Answer: Self Activity

Question 2.
Fill the table after reading the climographs?
Place Relief region Range of Range of minimum during the year Range of minimum temperature during the year Name the wettest month and the rainfall (mm) for that month Name the driest month and the rainfall (mm) for that month
Jaipur  :  :  :  :  :  :
Leh  :  :  :  :  :
New Delhi  :  :  :  :  :
Chennai  :  :  :  :  :
Range of Temperature: From ghost value to lowest value

Answer:

Question 3.
What are the warmest and coldest months in Leh?

Answer: The warmest month in Leh is: June The coldest month, in Leh, is: January

Question 4.
From the range of temperatures in the above table, say whether Jaipur is, In general, hotter than Leh. Explain your answer?

Answer: Jaipur is hotter than Lob. Reasons

  1. Leh is located at a high elevation when compared to Jaipur
  2. Jaipurs climate is influenced by the Thar Desert
Question 5.
Compare the climate of Delhi and Chennai. How are they different?

Answer: The climate of Delhi is a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical with high variation between survivor and winter temperatures and precipitation. Its climates greatly influenced by its proximity to the Himalayas and the Thar Desert causing it to experience both weather extremes

Climate of Chennai: The geographical location determines the weather and climate in Chennai. The dose proximity and the thermal equator makes the climate and weather in Chennai relatively consistent with less variation r the seasonal temperatures. The weather in Chennai is mostly hot and humid. Delhi and Chennai are both different in their geographical locations

Question 6.
Read carefully the rainfall pattern for Leh. In what ways Is this different from the others? From your atlas, can you find out some other places in the world that have similar rainfall pattern?

Answer:

  1. Leh is situated nearly 6 kms above the mean sea level
  2. So the atmosphere there is not conducive to rain
  3. It receives less than 10 mm as the maximum monthly rainfall
  4. The repairing three places receive 200 mentors more rainfall as the maximum monthly rainfall
  5. It is surrounded by greater Himalayan mountains which are always covered with snow
  6. Thus, it is coherent from other 3 places which are unlike this
  7. There are some other places in the world like this like Zurich in Switzerland, and Oslo in Norway. Thimpu in Bhutan and Khatmandu In Nepal. etc
Question 7.
Identify the wet months for Chennai. How is this different from Jaipur?

Answer:

  1. Wet months in Chennai: June to August, September to November
  2. Wet months in Jalpur: July and August
  3. Cherwiai receives rainfall during the retreat of the southwest monsoon or &ring north-east monsoon
  4. Jaipur receives rainfall during the southwest monsoon. In this way Chennai and Jaipur are different
Question 8.
Using a globe recall end discuss what you may have read earlier. How does the angle of sun vary at different latItudes? What Impact does this have?

Answer: Sun angles and their Impact: A tilt of Earths axis of rotation

  1. Axis of rotation tilted 23.5° away from perpendicular to plane of earths orbit
  2. Axis points same direction as Earth orbits the Sun. Creates seasonal variations in which hemisphere is oriented toward Sun
  3. Solastices - Summer hemisphere pointed toward incoming solar beam
  4. Spring and Fall equinoxes - equator pointed toward incoming solar beam
    5. The latitude where Sun is directly overhead at Solar noon:
  5. Ranges from 23.5°N on June 21 t0 23.5°S on June21 to 23.5°S on Dec. 21
  6. Solar zenith angle Angie of sun away from vertical 90° - sun angle (angle above horizon)
  7. Solar noon zenith angle Latitude - Solar declination (negative for Southern hemisphere) Highest point in sky sun reaches on a given day. Santha Barbaras latitude is 35°N
    8. June 21 solar noon zenith angle: 35-23.5 = 11.5e (Sun angle - 78.5°) Dec. 21 solar noon zenith angle : 35- (-23.5) = 58.5° (Sun angle - 31.5°)
Question 9.
Find out the temperatures of Mumbai and Nagpur for winter and summer months and compare them. How are they similar or different? How does it explain the distance from the sea?

Answer: Average temperatures of Mumbai and Nagpur There are variations in both the temperatures throughout the year, The monthly averages of a place are almost equal throughout the year. This explains of the distance from the sea

Question 10.
With the help of the climograph. can you explain the differences In temperature for Jaipur and Chennai?

Answer: Differences

Jaipur Chennai
1. Jaipur is far away from sea coast 1. Chennai is on the sea coast
2. The influence of the Thar Desert is on Jaipur 2. Chennai has no influence of any desert
Question 11.
Are Shimla and Delhi located on very different latitudes? Check with your atlas. Is ShimIa cooler than Delhi during summer?

Answer: Shimla is located on 31°6 1. Northern latitude. Delhi is located on 28° 38 North latitude. Yes, Shimla and Delhi are located on different latitudes. (3° difference) But Shlna is cooler than Delhi during summer because it is located on higher altitude

Question 12.
Why does Darjeellng have pleasant weather as compared to Kolkata during summer season?

Answer: Darjeeling is at an elevation of 2,645 meters. Kolkata is at an elevation of 016 meters. Even though both are located in West Bengal. there Is a difference in their elevations. So, Darjeeling has pleasant weather when compared to Kolkata

Question 13.
What would be the range for average temperature In Telangana for January?

Answer:

  1. January is the month during which winter is severe
  2. It usually will be cold during this month throughout Telangana
  3. For the month of January, the average maximum temperature is around 28°C
  4. The average minimum temperature is around 16°C for January in Telangana.
  5. Thus range of average temperature for January in Telangana is around 28°C to 16°C
Question 14.
Using your atlas, find some places located on 15°C temperature?

Answer: The places that are located on 15°C are Jaipur, Mathura, and Itanagar. etc

Question 15.
Close to the line showing places where average temperature is 25°C, theres a small circle of places on 20°C. How is this possible?

Answer:

  1. Close to the knee showing places where average temperature is 25°C, there is a small circle of places on 20°C
  2. That is the region where the Western Ghats rise above 2000 m peaks
  3. There are the Nilgiri Hills which has peaks more than 2000 mt. height
  4. So the temperatures there are less as the elevation is more
  5. That is wily there was 20°C circle close to 25°C Iine
Question 16.
From the climograph given, (Graph 1.4, See Q.No.: 2), note the approximate average temperature for May for the four places and mark them on the given map?

Answer:

  1. Jaipur 24°C to 40°C
  2. Leh 3°C to 15°C
  3. New Delhi 34°C to 40°C
  4. Chenriai 27°C to 37°C
Question 17.
What is deforestation?

Answer:

  1. Cutting down of the trees indiscriminately in the areas of forest or where there a presence of sizable number of trees like plantations is called deforestation
  2. It results in the lowering of the green cover
  3. It affects the ecological balance
Question 18.
Does deforestation happen only In forest areas? How about in your local area, even if there are no forests?

Answer: No. Deforestation happens not only in forest areas but also in industrial towns, mining areas, and cities. Forest has been of great importance to mankind since prehistoric days. 60% of the earth was once covered with forest. With the development of civilization, large areas have been cleared to make way for farms, rivers, towns, and roads. It would be too hot without forests

We would have no oxygen. Rain will make more floods as there are no trees to absorb. Trees absorb greenhouse gases and entwist. They produce oxygen and perpetuate the water cycle. There will be no such works

Question 19.
How does deforestation affect global warming?

Answer:

  1. Forests through photosynthesis absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) and release oxygen (O2)
  2. The limber of the trees also sequesters carbon
  3. Deforestation means the timber may be used and eventually converted to carbon dioxide or left to rot, which also means that ills converted to CO2, a greenhouse gas responsible for global warming
  4. Sirrwlarty the green leaves no longer act as carbon sinks to suck in CO2.
  5. Either way, deforestation contributes to the global warming process
  6. Deforestation = Fewer trees = More CO2 = Enhanced greenhouse effect = Global warning
Question 20.
What are some other ways in which human activity contributes to global warming?

Answer:

  1. Usage of refrigerators and air conditioners, etc. by humans leads to global warming
  2. Usage of motor vehicles which run on fuel emits greenhouse gases
  3. Usage of inorganic fertilizers. chemicals and pesticides
  4. Releasing of effluences and wastes of industries
  5. Excessive usage of natural resources
  6. Burning foss fuels
  7. Clear-cutting forests
Question 21.
Imagine how one would cope with the situation If millions of people were affected. Where would you find land for resettlement? What lobs would they do?

Answer:

  1. If millions of people were affected with any natural calamity, it certainly would be difficult to cope with
  2. The government has to make arrangements to resettlement of all those affected
  3. It may seek help from international organisations or non-governmental organizations in our country as well as the donors
  4. It will be a Herculean task to provide them shelter and alternate employment, but government must take initiative to get it done
  5. It must enjoy the eligible to work within Rural Works Programme. Food for Work, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Labour Employment Guarantee schemes, etc

Important Question

TS 10th Class Social Important Questions 4th Lesson Climate of India

1 Mark Questions
Question 1.
Observe the following map and answer the following questions?
Question (a) When do monsoons reach Maharashtra?

Answer: On June 10th monsoons reach Maharashtra

Question (b) When do monsoons reach Kerala?

Answer: On June 1st monsoons reach Kerala

Question 2.
In whIch monsoon season does the Coromandel coast receive less rainfall?

Answer: During southwest monsoon season, the Coromandel coast receives less rainfall

Question 3.
Write down the reason for the low temperature In India In the months of December and January?

Answer:

  1. Pleasant and clear sky
  2. Low humidity
  3. Angle of incidence
Question 4.
Observe the map and answer the following questions?
Question (a) Why do winds always blow towards low-pressure regions?

Answer:

  1. In low-pressure regions temperature is high and evaporation is more
  2. Warm air rises, so cool air replaces It
Question (b) When do the southwest monsoons blow in India?

Answer: Beginning of June, July

Question 5.
Mention any two actions that you would take if you were the officer, to prevent deforestation?

Answer:

  1. I would strictly implement the existing forest laws
  2. I would bring awareness among the people on the need for the protection of forests
Question 6.
Name any two factors that influence climate and weather?

Answer:

Question 7.
Why does Coromandel Coast get high rainfall during northeast monsoons?

Answer:

Question 8.
Which refers to weather?

Answer:

Question 9.
What are the elements of weather and climate?

Answer:

  1. temperature
  2. atmospheric pressure
  3. wind,
  4. humidity and
  5. precipitation
Question 10.
What are called chromatographs?

Answer:

Question 11.
What do climograph show?

Answer:

Question 12.
What are called climatic controls?

Answer:

Question 13.
What are the factors that are influencing climate and weather?

Answer:

  1. Latitude
  2. Land-water relationship
  3. Relief
  4. Upper air circulation
Question 14.
Name some hill stations?

Answer:

Question 15.
Which is the coldest month in India?

Answer:

Question 16.
Which areas enjoy a moderate climate?

Answer:

Question 17.
How India during winter?

Answer:

Question 18.
What are called Loo?

Answer:

Question 19.
What are the two branches of southwest monsoon?

Answer:

Question 20.
Expand AGW?

Answer:

Question 21.
Which is more powerful in these two gases - Methane or Carbon dioxide?

Answer:

Question 15.
Expand IPCC?

Answer: 2 Marks Question

Question 1.
Classify the seasons according to Indian calendar and write the months?

Answer:

Seasons Months according to the Indian calendar
Vasantha Chaitra - Vashaka
Grishma Jyestha - Ashadha
Varsha Sravana - Bhadra
Sharad Aswayuja - Karthika
Hemantha Margashira - Pushya
Shishara Magha - Phalguna
 
Question 2.
Write briefly about South-West monsoons?

Answer:

  1. The monsoon forms m the tropical area approximately between 2ON and 20S latitudes
  2. The heating of Land creates low pressure on the Landmass of Indian subcontinent
  3. Southwest monsoon onset reaches Kerala and gives rain to western ghats and northeast India except in coramandal coast
  4. It is operated in two branches, Arabian sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch
  5. Retreat of the monsoon Is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature
  6. Lower pressure conditions move to Bay of Bengal by early November
  7. Bulk of the rainfall of the coromandel coast is derived from depressions and cyclones
Question 3.
Observe the map given and answer the questions (a) and (b)?
Question (a) When do southwest monsoons enter Ralasthan?

Answer: South-west monsoons enter Rajasthan by 15th July

Question (b) What is meant by onset of monsoons?

Answer: Low pressure in the Indian sub-continent; High pressure in the Indian Ocean. The southwest monsoons reach India by the beginning of June

Question 4.
Keeping the warning of scientists in mind, suggest measures to minimize Global warming?

Answer: To minimise the Global warming quarrying, mining are to be reduced and afforestation should be increased. Burning of coal should be decreased. Fossil fuel burning is also decreased electronic appliances usage should be minimised so as to minimize the global warming

Question 5.
What is the relation between the temperature of atmosphere and insolation?

Answer: The temperature of the atmosphere at a particular place near the Earths surface depends upon the insolation (heat from sun rays) received at that location. This is more intense in the low latitudes than in the high latitudes. As we move away from the equator towards the poles, the average annual temperature decreases

Question 6.
Explain the latitudinal extent of India?

Answer: India is situated roughly between 8° and 37° N latitudes and the country is divided into almost two equal parts by the Tropic of Cancer. The part south of the Tropic of Cancer lies in the tropical zone. The part north of the Tropic of Cancer lies in the temperate zone

Question 7.
What are called western disturbances and what do they cause?

Answer: Cyclone depressions coming from Mediterranean Sea called Western Disturbances and cause low to moderate. rainfall over northern India. This rainfall is boon to wheat crop which is generally cultivated in Rabi season

Question 8.
What is the effect of northeast trades on India?

Answer: India lies in the trade wind belt of Northern HemIsphere - north-east trades blow over India from land to sea and are therefore dry. However, some amount of rainfall occurs on the Coromandel coast of Taniil Nadu from these winds, as they pick up moisture from the Bay of Bengal wtle crossing it

Question 9.
Write about mango showers In Telangana and Andhra Pradesh?

Answer: Towards the end of the summer season, pro-monsoon showers (bursting monsoon) are common in the Deccan Plateau. These help in the early opening of mangoes and other plantation crops in peninsular India. Hence they are locally known as mango showers in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh

Question 10.
What is known as Onset of monsoon?

Answer: The Arabian Sea Brandi arrives at the west coast of India and moves northward. Both the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal branches reach India by the beginning of June, which is known as Onset of monsoon

Question 11.
What is known as October heat?

Answer: October-November is a period of transition from a hot wet condition to dry winter condition The retreat of the monsoons is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature. The land is still moist, Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive. This is commonly known as October heat

Question 12.
Write about the Indian traditional seasons?

Answer: In the Indian tradition, a year is divided Into six two-monthly seasons. This cycle of seasons that the people n north and central India follow is based on their practical experience and age-old perception of weather phenomena. There is a slight variation in the timing of the seasons between northern and southern India

The seasons are:

  1. Vasantha
  2. Grishma
  3. Varsha
  4. Sharad
  5. Hemantha
  6. Shishira
Question 13.
What is called Greenhouse effect?

Answer: Keeping us warm is one of the most important things that the atmosphere does for us. It is like a light but effective, blanket enveloping Earth. The atmosphere traps a lot of the solar energy that reaches it. Earth by preventing it from totally escaping back into space. This is called Greenhouse effect

Question 14.
What is called AGW?

Answer: Earlier cycles of cooling end warming happened over very long periods of time. This allowed much of the life on Earth the time to adapt to the changes. The problem now is that the heating is much mere rapid and could lead to catastrophic changes.Much of the warming that has been occurring since the Industrial Revolution is because of human activities. Hence, the current global warming trend Is called AGW (Anthropogenic Global Warming; anthropogenic means caused by humans)

Question 15.
What does climate refer to?

Answer: Climate refers to such conditions over a large area and follows a similar general pattern over many years. What have been the general conditions, year after year, over thirty years or more, gives us the climate

Question 16.
Explain the word monsoon?

Answer: The climate of India is strongly influenced by the monsoon winds. The sailors who came to India during olden days noticed the regular periodic reversal of winds. They used these winds to sail towards the Indian coast. Arab traders named this seasonal reversal of wind system monsoon

Question 17.
Read the following paragraph and comment on bursting monsoon. Towards the end of the summer season, pre-monsoon showers (bursting monsoon) are common in the Deccan Plateau. These help ¡n the early ripening of mangoes and other plantation crops in peninsular India. Hence, they are locally known as mango showers in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh?

Answer: It is the sudden onset of rainfall in the first week of June. Around the time of arrival of monsoon, the normal rainfall increases suddenly and continues constantly for several days. This is known as burst of monsoon

Question 18.
Why do you think that the effects of climate change may be felt by all countries?

Answer:

  1. The effects of climate change like global warming, increase of mean sea level, degradation of Ozone layer, etc. are not limited to one particular country
  2. No country can escape from the negative impacts of climate change. Hence the effects of climatic change may be felt by all countries
4 Marks Questions
Question 1.
Analyze the relationship between the population density and geographical conditions of a particular area?

Answer:

  1. India is one of the most densely populated countries of the world
  2. The population density of India in the year 2011 was 382 persons per sq km
  3. Densities vary from 1102 persons per sq. km. In Bihar to only 17 persons per sq. km in Arunachal Pradesh
  4. Assom and most of the peninsular states have moderate population densities
  5. The Hilly, dissected and rocky nature of the terrain, moderate to low rainfall, shallow and less fertile soIls have influenced population densities in these areas
  6. The Northern plains and Kerala in the south have high to very high population densities because of the flat plains with fertile soils and abundant rainfall
Question 2.
Read the following paragraph and write your comments. Most scientists from around the world agree on this much: AGW (Anthropogenic Global Warming: anthropogenic means caused by humans) is real, It is happening, and It is leading to rapid and drastic climate change. They warn that severe weather and other changes will increase wi the coming years and threaten titles we know it?

Answer: Global warming: It refers to an unequivocal and continuing neither average temperature of Earths climate system?

Human activities contributing to global warming:

  1. Human activities contribute to climate change by causing changes in Earths atmosphere In the amount of greenhouse gases. aerosols and cloudiness
  2. The largest known contribution comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide gas to the atmosphere
  3. Greenhouse gases and aerosols effect climate by altering incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared radiation that are part of Earths energy balance
  4. Due to industrial revolution, industrial pollution increases day by day
  5. Increasing of overpopulation and using of power-driven vehicles
  6. New methods of agricultural practices
  7. Mining, establishment of nuclear power plants and reckless deforestation, etc

Evil effects of global warming:

  1. Thee chgesotodng id warming am more rapid and Ieecng lo cashbox changes
  2. If the climate is raised by 2C, it leads to one-meter raise in the sea levels
  3. The faster melting of Himalayan glaciers would disturb the livelihood of fisher folk

Measures to minimize the influence of the global warning:

  1. Afforestation
  2. Reduction of burning of fossil fuels
  3. Instead of coal use of solar energy to be encouraged
  4. Reduction In the use of vehicles and encouragement of public transport system
  5. Release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere should be reduced
Question 3.
Observe the following graph and analyse it?

Answer:

  1. This climograph shows the details of Mean Maximum Temperature. Mean Minimum Temperature and Mean Rainfall of Chennai
  2. Chennai receives 38°C to 28°C maximum temperature during the year
  3. It receives 20°C to 28°C minimum temperature during the year
  4. The wettest months for Chennai are October and November
  5. It is because it receives rainfall during retreat of southwest monsoon or during northeast monsoon
  6. The driest month for Chennai is February/March and the rainfall tom the month is 15 mm
  7. The hottest months for Chennai are May and June
  8. Chennai has a moderate climate with 38°C as the highest and 20°C as the lowest temperature
  9. The weather in Chennai is mostly hot and humid
  10. The close proximity of ocean and equator makes the climate and weather in Chermai relatively consistent with less variation in the seasonal temperature
Question 4.
Name the factors influencing climate. Explain any two of them?

Answer: The factors that affect climate are called climatic controls. These include

  1. Latitude
  2. Land-water relationship
  3. Relief
  4. Upper air circulation
  1. Latitude:
  1. Intensity of temperature depends on the latitude. It Is more intense in lower latitudes than at higher latitudes
  2. In India. the southern part lies in the tropical zone, closer to the equator: I has higher average temperature than that in the northern part. Ex: The climate of Kanyakuman is different from that of Delhi
  1. Land-water relationship:
  • The water bodies absorb and lose heat more slowly than land
  • Due to this the formation of land and sea breezes influences the climate of coastal region. Ex : As Visakhapatnam is on the seashore, it is cooler than Guntur which is not on the seashore
Question 5.
Classify the monsoon winds In India and explain them?

Answer: Monsoon winds Climate of country is determined by various factors like Latitude. Relief, Landwater relationship and upper air circulation. Climate in India is influenced by monsoons. The Arab traders named the term monsoon. The monsoons in the tropical area are strong as low pressure forms here. The Southeast monsoon winds from the Southern hemisphere carry moisture as they flow over the Indian ocean and towards the equatorial low-pressure zones

After crossing the equator. these winds deflect towards the low pressure formed in the Indian subcontinent. The heating of land creates low pressure on the land mass of Indian sub-continent, especially over central India and the Gangetic plain. Along with this, the Tibetan plateau gets intensely heated and causes strong vertical air Currents and the formation of Pow pressure over the plateau at above 9 kms altitude. They then flow as the southwest monsoon. The Indian peninsula divides them into two branches - the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch. The Bay of Bengal branch stakes the Bengal coast and the southern face of the Shillong plateau. Then, it gets deflected and flows westward along the Gangetic valley. The Arabian Sea branch arrives at the west coast of India and moves northward. Both the branches reach India by the beginning of June, which is known as the onset of monsoon

They gradually spread over the entire country in four to five weeks. The bulk of annual rainfall in India is received from southwest monsoon. The amount of rainfall ¡s very high along the west coast due to the Western ghats, and in north-east India due to the high peaked hills. Tamil Nadu coast (Coromandel), however, remains mostly dry during this season as it is in the rain shadow area of the Arabian Sea branch and is parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch The low-pressure conditions which once prevailed over north-western India move far South to the center of the Bay of Bengal by early November, During this period, cyclonic depressions are common which originate over the Andaman area. These tropical cyclones are often very destructive

The thickly populated deltas of the Godavari, Krishna, and Cauveri are their targets. No year ever goes disaster free. Occasionally. these tropical cyclones visit Sundarbans and Bangladesh too. Bulk of the rainfall of the Coromandel Coast is derived from depressions and cyclones

Question 6.
Explain the land and water relationship?

Answer: The amount of sunlight that is first absorbed and then radiated back or directly reflected depends on the nature of the surface. Darker areas, such as heavy vegetated regions. tend to be good absorbers: lighter areas, such as snow and ice-covered regions, tend to be good reflectors. The ocean absorbs and loses heat more slowly than land. This affects climate in many ways. One of this is the formation of land and sea breezes

Question 7.
What is known as equable climate? When can we appreciate the effect of the sea?

Answer: A large part of southern India. because of its long coast line, comes under the moderating influence of the sea, As such, the difference between the temperature of day and night and that of summer and winter Is not much. This is known as equable climate, If we compare similar places on the same latitude and altitude we can appreciate the effect of the sea

Question 8.
Explain upper atmospheric circulation?

Answer: In the northern hemisphere, subtropical high-pressure belt gives rise to permanent winds. They blow towards the equatorial low-pressure belt by reflecting towards the west and are called trade winds. The German word irade means track and stands for blowing steadily the same direction and constant course. India lies in the be of dry northeast trade winds

Question 9.
Write the effect of jet streams on India?

Answer: The climate of India is also affected by the movement of upper air currents known as jet streams. These are fast-flowing air currents in a narrow belt in the upper atmosphere, above 12,000 m. The speed vanes from about 110 kms in summer to about 184 km/h in winter. An easterly et stream develops at about 25°N latitude. A jet stream causes the neighboring atmosphere to cool. This cooling effect of the easterly jet stream causes rain from clouds already found over this latitude(25°N)

Question 10.
How is the ozone layer formed? How does It protect us?

Answer: As Earth started to take shape from a fireball to a planet, many gases were released. These gases did not escape into outer space because of the Earths gravitational pull. It still holds them back. A thin layer of gases surrounds Earth and provides us several important benefits. For example: the oxygen that we breathe, the ozone that protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun, the nitrogen that our plants use to make proteins that we need, the medium through which fresh water is circulated, and keeps us warm

Question 11.
What are scientists discovering more recently?

Answer: More recently, scientists are discovering large volumes of methane under the frozen tundras of the far northern latitudes (mainly in the vast expanses of northern Russia). As global temperature increases, the ice in the tundra melts more

The methane that is trapped under the ice escapes into the atmosphere, increasing the global temperatures. In turn, this causes oven more ice to melt more, releasing even more methane, and so on. Methane is said to be even more powerful than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas

Question 12.
Why was the IPCC formed? Explain Its efforts?

Answer: An international effort to form an agreement whereby all countries try to reduce their emission of greenhouse gases has so far not been achieved. An International organization called Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was formed to address this Issue. It has held many conferences to work out a treaty among the nations of the world to reduce AGW and try to slow down the process of climate change. None of those have been successful. The latest attempt was made at the IPCC conference in Warsaw (Poland), in 2013. This has also failed to achieve any agreement

Question 13.
Write the main characteristics of retreating monsoon?

Answer:

  1. The low-pressure conditions which once prevailed over north-western India move for south to the centre of Bay of Bengal by early November
  2. During this period cyclonic depressions are common which originate over the Andaman sea area
  3. No year is ever found disaster free
  4. Bulk of the rainfall of the coramandal coast is derived from depressions and cyclones
Question 14.
Read the following information and answer the given questions.
Question1. Name the two months of Grishma?

Answer: Jyeshta and Ashadha

Question2. karthika and Aswayuja come under .........?

Answer: Sharad

Question3. What are the Telugu months for November and December?

Answer: Margashira and Pushya

Question4. What is the first lunar month?

Answer: Chaitra

Question5. The western calendar can be called ......... calendar?

Answer: Gregorian

Question6. In which Traditional seasons India experience rains?

Answer: India experience rain an the traditional seasons of Varsha and Sharad

Question7. Which season does India experiences in Grishma and Vasantha?

Answer: India experiences summer in the seasons of Grishma and Vasantha

Question8. Which season does India experiences from November to February?

Answer: India experiences winter from November to February

Question9. Which Traditional season observed in the months of January and February?

Answer: Shisira season is observed during the month of January and February

Question 15.
Read the above map and answer the following?
Question1. Find some places with an average of in 15°C temperature?

Answer: Places with average temperature 15°C are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Arunachal Pradesh

Question2. What would be the range for the average temperature in the coastal regions of Tamil Nadu. Kerala and Karnataka?

Answer: The average Ierrperature in coastal regions of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka is 25°C

Question3. What would be the average temperature of central India?

Answer: The average temperature of central India is 20°C

Question4. Close to the line showing places where average temperature is 25°C, there is a small circle of places on 20°C. How is this possible?

Answer: The regions which receive 20°C temperature are hilly areas and have less temperatures compared to coast sides. The effect of hot winds from sea waters is not effective on these place Observe the above map carefully and answer the following

Question1. In which state the southwest monsoons enter as earlier?

Answer: Southwest monsoon enters Kerala first

Question2. When does the southwest monsoons reach Delhi?

Answer: Southwest monsoon ready Delhi by 1st July

Question3. On which date did they reach Gujarath. Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh?

Answer: They reach Gujarath. Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh by June 15

Question4. Where does the southwest monsoons spread on 5th of June?

Answer: On 5th June they spread to Kamataka and Andhra Pradesh touching Telangana

Question 16.
On an outline map of India, show the following?

Answer:

  1. Areas recorded with more than 40°C annual mean temperature
  2. Areas recorded with annual mean temperature less than IOC
  3. The direction of the southwest monsoon over India
Question 17.
Observe the following Climographs and answer?
Question (a) Why is there a difference between the rainy season of Chennal and Jalpur?

Answer: Jaipur receives rainfall by the South-West monsoons Chennai receives rainfall by the North-East monsoons

Question (b) In which month Is the highest temperature recorded in Jaipur?

Answer: May

Question (c) Among these two, which area gets highest rainfall?

Answer: Chennai.

Question(d) Both the areas are rain shadow regions. Is it? How would you justify?

Answer: Yes. In the South-West monsoon season, Jaipur and Cherna areas are rain shadow regions

(OR) No. Only n the South-West monsoon season Chennai is rain shadow region. But not in North-East monsoon.
Question 18.
Locate the following in the given map of India?
Question1. Capital of India?

Answer: New Delhi

Question2. Capital of Arunachal Pradesh?

Answer: Itanagar

Question3. The Dam which is on Tungabhadra River?

Answer: Tungabhadra

Question4. The river-based port in India?

Answer: Kolkata

Question5. The capital of Rajasthan?

Answer: Jaipur

Question6. The old fold mountains of India?

Answer: Aravalis

Question7. This latitude divided the India into two equal parts?

Answer: Tropic of Cancer

Question8. The highest peak in Western Ghats?

Answer: Anaimudi

Question10. Jaintia Hills?

Answer:

Question 19.
"The Indian" agriculture depends completely on the monsoon." Describe the cycle of the monsoon patterns?

Answer: The climate of India is strongly influenced by the monsoon winds. The sailors who came to India during olden days noticed the regular periodic reversal of winds. They used these winds to sail towards the Indian coast. Arab traders named this seasonal reversal of wind system monsoon

  1. The monsoon forms in the tropical area approximately between 20°N and 20°S latitudes
  2. The heating of land creates low pressure on the landmass of Indian subcontinent
  3. Southwest monsoon on set reaches Kerala and gives rain to western ghats and northeast India except in Coramandal coast
  4. It is operated in two branches, Arabian sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch
  5. Retreat of the monsoon is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature
  6. Lower pressure conditions move to Bay of Bengal by early November
  7. Bulk of the rainfall of the Coromandel coast is derived from depressions and cyclones

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