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TS 10th Class Social 2nd Lesson Questions and Answers - Ideas of Development

Question 1.
What is the main criterion used by the World Bank In classifying different countries? What are the limitations of the above criterion, if any?

Answer: The main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries is the per capita income or average income of a person in a country

Limitations of this criterion:

  1. It does not tell us about how this average income is distributed among the people in the individual countries
  2. Two countries with the same per capita income might be very different with regard to income distribution. One might have equitable distribution of income while the other might have great disparities between the rich and the poor
Question 2.
Usually, behind each social phenomenon, there would be several contributing factors, and not one. What factors that came together for the development of schooling In Himachal Pradesh?

Answer: Factors for the development of schooling in Himachal Pradesh (In my opinion) are:

  1. Free and compulsory education
  2. Parental care
  3. Mid-day meals scheme
  4. Free supply of textbooks and notebooks
  5. Encouragement like scholarships, etc
  6. Attendance rate
Question 3.
In what respect is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?

Answer:

  1. UNDP uses the criteria of Human Development Index
  2. It gives us a transparent and dear-cut Information about the development of the population in that particular area
  3. It measures the development of the people on the following basis
  4. Life expectancy
  5. Literacy Rate
  6. Per capita income
  7. But the World Bank uses only per capita income to measure the development of the particular area
Question 4.
Do you think there are certain other aspects, other than those discussed in the chapter that should be considered in measuring human development?

Answer:

  1. The aspects that are considered in measuring human development are per capita income by World Bank
  2. Along with per capita income. the education levels of people and health status are considered by the UNDP
  3. There are other aspects to be considered
  4. Standard of life is one aspect to be considered
  5. Another aspect to be considered is availability of electricity
  6. Transportation is also one among them
  7. Sanitation facilities is one such aspect
  8. Availability of irrigation facilities and housing, etc. are few other aspects to be considered in measuring human development
Question 5.
Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development?

Answer: We use averages because they are useful 1er comparing different quantities of the same category. e.g.: To compute the per capita income of a country, averages have to be used because there are differences in the incomes of diverse people. Limitation: Even though they are useful for comparison, they may also hide disparities. e.g.: The infant mortality rate of a country does not differentiate between the male and female infants born in the country. Such an average tells us nothing about whether the hunter of children dying before the age of one are mostly boys or girls

Question 6.
What lessons can you draw about the Importance of income that Himachal Pradesh with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Haryana?

Answer: It reveals that per capita income does not show better human development. For example, our money cannot give us all our necessities to live well. Therefore, in spite of low per capita income Himactial Pradesti has better human development because Himachal Pradesh has other facilities than Haryana like health and education facilities?

Question 7.
Based on the figures in the Table (6) given below, till the following Out of every 1oo female above 6 years of age, ........ females had studied beyond the primary level in Himachal Pradesh in the year 2001. By the year 2011. This proportion reached ........ out of 100. For India as a whole, the proportion of male who had studied beyond primary level was only ........ out of 100 in the year 2011?

Answer: Out of every 100 females above 6 years of age. 67 females had studied beyond the primary level in Himachal Pradesh in the year 2001. By the year 2011. this population reached 76 out of 100. For India as a whole, the proportion of males who had studied beyond primary level was only 82 out of 1oo in the year 2011

Question 8.
What Is the per capita income of Himachal Pradesh? Do you think higher incomes can make it easier for parents to send children to school? Discuss. Why was It necessary for the government to run schools in Himachal Pradesh?

Answer:

  1. The per capita income of Himachal Pradesh in 2017-18 is Rs. 1.86 lakhs
  2. Higher-income can make it easier for parents to send their children to school
  3. 11 the incomes are meager, then parents cannot spend money on education of their children
  4. Then children ought to supplement with their labour to run the family
  5. It higher incomes are there for family, these can be avoided
  6. Himachal Pradesh had very low levels of education at the time of Independence
  7. Being a hilly region, with low density of population ¡ri many villages, spread of schools is a big challenge
  8. So, it was necessary for the government to run schools In Himachal Pradesh
Question 9.
Why do you think do parents accord less priority to girls education es co,npa red to boys? Discuss In the class?

Answer:

  1. Parents give less priority to girls education compared to boys
  2. The main reason behind this Is gender bias
  3. Parents believe that boy is their heir and spreads their clan
  4. This very notion Imbibes into children as father Is the decision-maker in the family
  5. As marriage institution provides for the girl to live with husbands family, her parents take less care about her education
  6. Well-educated girls needed to be married off to stI better-educated suitor, an expensive affair
  7. Girls are engaged in taking care of their smaller siblings, which obstructs their educational chances
  8. in rural areas girls are married off at early ages, which prevents their education
Question 10.
How does the gender bias affect when the women work outside of the home?

Answer: Before the rise of large-scale industrialization, home, and workplace were one and the same. But now the disparity between men and women in the workplace is a common issue. Workers acknowledge gender discrimination is possible in modern organizations, but at the same time maintain their workplaces to be gender neutral. Women are facing a high degree of gender bias when It comes to their careers. There is a general perception that women are less capable than men in matters of business and decision-making. It is often a strenuous struggle for a woman not just to her motile but also to make a deserving way to the top. Career goals of women are considered less important compared to male counterparts. The disparity is also seen in the wages and salaries also. Thus the relationship is negative

Question 11.
In the class 8th you read about the Right to Education Act. In the light of what you have read In this chapter end already know, discuss the importance et this Act for (i) children and (ii) human development?

Answer:

  1. The Importance of the RTE for children
  2. The act makes education a fundamental right of every child between the ages of 6 and 14
  3. It mandates all private schools to reserve 25% of seats for children
  4. It also prohibits all recognized schools from practicing and makes provisions for no donation or capitation fees and no interview of the child or parent for admission, etc
  5. The act is the first legislation in the world that puts the responsibility of ensuring enrollment, attendance, and completion on the government
  6. For Human Development: Education is the key component of human development, ills also a great liberating force. So the act serves as a building block to ensure that every child has his or her right to get a quality elementary education and that the state, with help of families and communities, fulfills this obligation

Project

Question 1.
Here Is an illustration showing different sources of livelihood. Create a similar Illustration and write a caption that would describe their notion of development?

Answer: Student Activity

Question 2.
Collect information from the parents, in which schools their children are studying and analyse on It In the classroom?

Answer: Analyzation: The urban and rural rich are opting private schools while the urban and rural poor are opting government schools

TS 10th Class Social 2nd Lesson Ideas of Development Intext Questions

Question 1.
Let us try to Imagine what development or progress is likely to mean to different persons listed in the given table. What are their aspirations? You will find that some columns are partially filled. Try to complete the Table. You can also add any other category of persons?
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Answer: Development promises a real growth through changes and in light of these changes, it is worth examining the implications of a broad move to sustainability. An economy built on the values of sustainable development will anticipate a new respect and economic role for labour

Question 2.
What can be some of the developmental goals for your village or town or locality?

Answer: Some of the developmental goals for our village are

  1. to be provided with safe drinking water and sanitation facilities
  2. to start a primary health center with minimum facilities
  3. to recruit Suffident teachers and provide other facilities to schools
  4. to provide employment to eligible youth
Question 3.
What are the issues of conflict between government and the people living in regions of nuclear power plants?

Answer:

  1. The issues of conflict between the government and the people living in the regions of Nuclear Power plants are (a) Safety. (b) Security and (C) Livelihood
  2. People also suggested the government to look to renewable energy as an alternative
Question 4.
Do you know of any such controversy around development projects/policies? Find out the debates on either side. How do we find solutions that are fair?

Answer:

  1. One such controversy around development project is Narmada River Protect n Gujarat
  2. Government aimed at large electricity to be produced with this project would serve the power needs of the state
  3. It also provides many small dams for irrigation water
  4. On the other hand, people under the leadership of Modha Patkar set up Narmada Bachao Andolan and fought with the government
  5. They are fighting for the people displaced. their lands evacuated and villages that are going to be submerged
  6. They have also concerns over ecological in Imbalances and loss of the tribal culture
Question 5.
Read this newspaper report ....... "A vessel dumped 500 tonnes of liquid toxic wastes into open-air camps in a city and. In the surrounding see. This happened in a city Abkan in Ivory Coast. a country in Africa. The fumes from the highly toxic waste caused nausea, skin rashes, fainting, diarrhea, etc. After a month seven persons were dead, twenty in hospital, and twenty-six thousand treated for symptoms of poisoning. A multinational company dealing in petroleum and metals contracted a local company of the Ivory Coast to dispose the toxic waste from Its SLP."(Accepted from article by Vaýu Nasravane 16 September 2006, The Hindu)?

Now answer the following questions:

  1. Who are the people who benefited and who dId not
  2. What should be the developmental goal for this country

Answer:

  1. The local company owner and the multinational company benefited, while a large number of Innocent local people of Abidjan in Ivory Coast suffered from this act
  2. The developmental goals for this country should be to framed and have proper, strict rules and laws regarding the pollution and safer environment, etc. People or any organization violating these Laws. causing environmental hazards should be punished by the government according to these laws. Also, the country should create arrangements for proper disposal of Industrial wastes or better health care for the people
Question 12.
Suppose the records show that the average Income in a country has been increasing over a period. From this can we conclude that all sections of the economy have become better? Illustrate your answer with an example?

Answer: It does not show how the income is distributed among people. So we cannot conclude that all sections of the economy have become better. e.g.: Two countries named X & Y. Each has 3 families, The incomes 01 3 families in Y country are Rs. 10,00W-. Rs. 50,000/- and Rs. 1,50.000/- p.a. respectively. The incomes of 3 families in X country are Rs. 60,000/-. Rs, 70000- and Rs. 800001- p.a.respectively. The per capita income of both countries is Rs. 70,000/-. In this example even though the average Income same, there is more disparity of income of Y country

Question 13.
From the text, find out the per capita income level of middle-income countries as per World Development Report, 2017?

Answer: The per capita income level of middle-income countries as per World Development Report. 2017 is above US $ 995 per annum and below US $ 12,055 per annum

Question 14.
Write a paragraph on your notion of what India should do or achieve to become a developed country?

Answer: To become a developed country, India should accelerate its GDP growth. Special emphasis should be given on agriculture or small-scale industries. More than 60% Indias labour force is engaged in agriculture sector which contributes only about 27% In GDP

Moreover, in the globalization process, this sector has been neglected. As a result, the growth rate of this sector has decreased. There is urgent need to increase its growth rate by providing modem agricultural Inputs, training, credit, marketing facilities, etc. to the farmers. We need to develop our infrastructure, labour intensÑe techniques, and credit and marketing facilities and must reduce corruption and red-tapism in government offices. Apart from these, there are other areas where India requires to pay more attention are such as health and sanitation, vocational training, employment generation, etc

Question 15.
Look at the data in Tables 3 and 4 (given on Page No. 21 and 22 In Textbook). Is Karyana as ahead of Biher In literacy rate, etc. as It is in terms of per capita income?

Answer:

  1. Haryana is ahead of Bihar in terms of per capita Income
  2. It is Rs. 180174 for Haryana, whereas it is Rs. 34409 only for Bihar
  3. Haryana is ahead of Bihar in both Literacy rate and Net Attendance Ratio for secondary states
  4. They are for Haryana 77 and 61 respectively, whereas for Bihar are 64 and 43 only
  5. Bihar is ahead of Haryana in Infant Mortality Rate
  6. Haryana has less 33 IMR, whereas Bihar has 38 IMR
Question 16.
Think of other examples where collective provision of goods and services is cheeper than individual provision?

Answer:

  1. Collective security for the whole locality is cheaper than individual security to each house
  2. A pond or playground for all people will be cheaper than individual ones
Question 17.
Does availability of good health and educational facilities depend only on the amount of money spent by the government on these facilities? What other factors could be relevant?

Answer: Availability of good health and educational facilities do not depend only on amount of money spent by the government on these facilities but also on the social factors. For e.g.: Himachal Pradesh is more developed than Punab according to the present categones because its infant mortality rate is lower and the literacy rate is higher. The sex ratio Is also higher in case of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab

Question 18.
For family in rural areas in Tamil Nadu and combined Andhra Pradesh In 2009-2010, rice purchased from ration shops account for 53 and 33 percent respectively. The rest they buy from markets. In West Bengal and Assam. only 11 and 6 percent of rice is purchased from ration shops. Where would people be better off and why?

Answer: The people of West Bengal and Assom would be better off. Reason: They purchase only 11% and 6% of rice from ration shops When compared to Tamil Nadu and combined Andhra Pradesh their purchase from markets is very high

Important Question

TS 10th Class Social Important Questions 2nd Lesson Ideas of Development

1 Mark Questions
Question 1.
Observe the following table and answer the questions a, b, c, and d. Human Development Index?
  1. Which two countries have more average schooling years
  2. Which two Asian countries have better HDI rank than that of India
  3. Which countries are lacking behind to the average life expectancy of World
  4. What are the reasons for having less average schooling ¡n India, Bangladesh and Pakistan

Answer:

  1. Norway and America
  2. Srilanka and China
  3. India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan
  4. The reasons for having less average schooling in India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan are
  1. Poverty
  2. More rural populations
  3. No awareness with regard to literacy
Question 2.
Which criteria is used by the World Bank to classify the countries?

Answer: Percapita income or average income

Question 3.
Write two suggestions to improve the ranking of India in World Human Development Index?

Answer:

  1. Providing of better employment opportunities to all
  2. Providing of better health facilities to all.
  3. Providing of educational facilities to all
Question 4.
What is health?

Answer: Health means a state of couple soundness-physical and mental

Question 5.
What is HDI?

Answer: The quality of life index prepared and published by UNDP (United Nations Development Project) Is known as HDI (Human Development Index)

Question 6.
What is the adult literacy rate?

Answer: The rate of percentage of people aged 15 and above, who can understand, read and write a short and simple statement in their lite is known as adult literacy rate

Question 7.
What Is the main criterion for comparing the development of different countries?

Answer: Average income is the main criterion for comparing the development of different countries

Question 8.
Why are dams opposed?

Answer: Dams are opposed because they will disrupt the lives of the people and submerge their own lands

Question 9.
Which organisation publishes the Human Development Report?

Answer: UNDP publishes the Human Development Report

Question 10.
Explain the calculation of BMI?

Answer: BMI can be calculated by dividing the total weight of a person by tite square of his height

Question 11.
What Is educatIonal development?

Answer: education attained by the people of a country on an average basis Is referred as educational development

Question 12.
What is the percentage of population living in the rural India?

Answer: 70% of the Indian population is living in rural India

Question 13.
What is Infant Mortality Rate?

Answer: The rate at which children in a country die within an age of O1 year is known as infant Mortality Rate

Question 14.
What are the factors of production?

Answer: Land, Labour. Capital and Enterprise are the four factors of production

Question 15.
How is the standard of living measured?

Answer: Standard of living is measured by real GOP per capita

Question 16.
What is development?

Answer: Development refers to progress improvement in lifestyle

Question 17.
What is POS?

Answer: POS is a system to distribute ration to the poO at a reasonable rate through government ration shops

Question 18.
A girl from a rich urban family has some development goals for her. State any one such goal?

Answer: She can get as much freedom as a boy has

Question 19.
Write any one advantage of public facilities?

Answer: It develops national feelings and a sense of collective responsibility

Question 20.
What is NAR?

Answer: Net Attendance Ratio: The ratio of the number of persons in the official age group attending any educational Institution in a particular class up to the total number of persons Mt the age - group

Question 21.
Why do people look at a mix of goals?

Answer: People look at a mix of goals for development

Question 22.
Which Is considered to be one of the most important attributes for comparing countries?

Answer: Income is considered to be one of the most important attributes for comparing countries

Question 23.
Which is not a useful measure for comparison between countries?

Answer: Total income is not such a useful measure for comparison between countries

Question 24.
What are called high-income countries?

Answer: Countries with per capita income of US $ 12.055 and above per annum are called high income countries or rich countries

Question 25.
What are called low-Income countries?

Answer: Those countries with per capita income of US $995 or less per annum in 2017 are called Iow income Countries

Question 26.
What are called developed countries?

Answer: The rich countries, excluding countries of West Asia and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries

Question 27.
Why, In some areas children, particularly girls are not able to achieve secondary-level schooling?

Answer: It is because government/society has not provided required facilities

Question 28.
Why have some states lesser Infant Modality Rate?

Answer: Some states have lesser Infant Mortality Rate because they have adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities

Question 29.
What Is the major consideration of Himachali women?

Answer: One major consideration s that many Himachal women are themselves employed outside the home

Question 30.
How are the women who work outside the homes?

Answer: Women who work outside the homes are economically independent and self-confident

Question 31.
State reason for protesting against the establishment of Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project in Tamil Nadu?

Answer:

  1. Kudanku lam people have protested on the grounds of safety, security, and livelihood
  2. They also want their coast and country protected from the radioactive peril
2 Marks Questions
Question 1.
Give examples of the criterion for the measurement of human development?

Answer: The examples of the criterion for the measurement of human development

  1. Per capita income
  2. The education levels of people and health status
  3. Standard of life of the people
  4. Availability of electricity
  5. Transportation
  6. Sanitation facilities
  7. Expected years of schooling
  8. Average years of schooling, etc. Ex: Sri Lanka, one of our neighbours is much ahead of India in every respect
Question 2.
What are the different indicators in which development is measured? Which one do you agree with?

Answer: Indicators of development

  1. Per capita income
  2. Literacy rate
  3. Average years of schooling
  4. Expected years of schooling
  5. Life expectancy at birth
  6. Health status
  7. Employment status
  8. Equal distribution

I agree with all the above things because those are useful for measuring the complete development

Question 3.
Give examples for different persons can have different developmental goals?

Answer:

Category of persons Development goals
Landless rural labourers More days of work and better wages, quality education for their children, no social discrimination
Prosperous farmers Higher support prices for crops, should be able to settle their children abroad
Farmers who depend only on rains for growing crops Adequate rainfall
Urban unemployed youth High salaried jobs
An Adivasi from mining fields To protect their livelihoods
Persons from fishing community in the coastal area Good weather and a good catch of fisher
Question 4.
Prepare a pamphlet on making mahila mandais active in villages?

Answer: Mahila Mandals For Women Empowerment Mahila Mandais are voluntary service organizations which work for the betterment of women in the villages of India. To better their lite the village women should have their say in the active involvement of Mahila MandaIs activities. Active Mahila Mandais can be found In many villages

  • Suggestions to make Mahila Mandais active in the villages
  • First priority should be given to girl education and to eradicate illiteracy
  • Vocational training and credit facilities to women for seI-elTpkiyment should be priMded
  • Mahila Mandais should collectively work for the betterment of women who need nutrition, education, and family welfare
  • They should help the women in immunization of children, small savings, provision of bathrooms, women crafts centres, and bai wadis
  • They should work towards the elimination of discrimination, inequality, intolerance, and violence-both, within and outside the home
  • They should have comparatively high involvement in social life and village politics
  • The government should provide basic equipments and stationery, etc. to the Mahila Mandais. It should create awareness among women regarding the Mahila Mandals
  • Women empowerment leads to a strong nation
Question 5.
What do the people desire other than income?

Answer: People desire the following other than income

  • Equal treatment
  • Freedom
  • Security
  • Respect from others
Question 6.
Write a letter to the concerned authority offering suggestions to Improve the attendance for girl child education?

Answer: Mulugu, X X X X X. To The District Education Officer, Mulugu district, Telangana. Sub: Letter to improve attendance rate of girls In schools requests and regards. This is x x x x x. I would like to write to you some suggestions regarding improvement of girl child education In schools. Nowadays education is necessary to all sections of people irrespective of gender. I request you sir, take some measures like

  1. Rewards and recognition can be encouraged girl child attendance
  2. The attendance cards technique boosts and motive them to be present in school every day
  3. Craft classes should be encouraged as a part of curriculum
  4. General knowledge, Quiz, games also can encourage girl child for regular attendance
  5. Providing nutritious food, good sanitation facilities, assurance of security in addition to quality of education
  6. Parent-teacher meetings can also focus on girl-child attendance
I request you to take necessary steps in this regard sir. Thanking you sir, Yours sincerely. X XX X X.

Question 7.
Why was it necessary for government to run schools in Himachal Pradesh?

Answer: The rich children can get the education in private sector schools. But the majority of Indian children are enrolled in the government schools. Education has also been made free for children from 6 to 14 years of age or up to VIII class under the R.T.E. Act 2009. So it was necessary for government to run schools in Himachal Pradesh

Question 8.
Human development is the essence of social development- Expin?

Answer:

  1. Human development focuses on the people.
  2. It is concerned with the well-being of the people, their needs, choices and aspirations. All these help in building a right kind of society
  3. It is all about the enlarging or widening the choices for the people. It is the building of human capabilities, such as education, information and knowledge, to have opportunities of livelihood
  4. Human development focuses on the expansion of basic choices
Question 9.
Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well. - Explain?

Answer:

  1. Even though per capita income is high in many states, education, and health facilities are still lacking
  2. Money or high per capita income cannot buy a pollution-free environment or good health
  3. Money cannot buy peace and democracy
4 Marks Questions
Question 1.
Read the given paragraph and comment. In many parts of the count,y, girls education Is still given less priority by the parents as compared to boys education. kile guys may study for a few years, they may not complete their schooling?

Answer: According to this paragraph two things are clearly mentioned that there is a gender bias with regard to giving education to boys and girls among the people of the country and the second one is only the Himachali Pradesh Government Is concentrating on girl education. My opinion on these two issues is that the gender bas was there once In the society. As there is a vast awareness in the parents they send their daughters to the schools in many places. Even a rickshaw puller also wants to make his daughter study in a school

He hopes his daughter becomes a professional. The parents are interested to send their children to English medium schools irrespective of their income and status. It shows their interest. A little bit fear about girls is there among them because of other reasons. They are afraid of the safety of their daughters. Just like in Himachal Pradesh, other states are also spending much amount on education and schooling. It is accepted that the Himachal Pradesh state has taken the step earlier I dont say that other slates are not taking steps to improve the conditions of schools for providing good education loi the girls

It is a sensitive issue and ¡t is to be taken seriously to bring awareness among people to make the daughters admit in schools and the governments should consider the problems of girls In schools. Sufficient toilets and other facilities are to be provided so as to enroll all the girls ¡n schools

Question 2.
Observe the given table and analyse the HDI data of India and its neighbours. Some data regarding India and its neighbours for 2016 ?

Answer: The given table is about Human Development data of India and some of the neighbouring countries pertaining to 2016. In this table per capita income in dollars, life expectancy at birth and literacy rate are considered and HDI Ranking is given. In per capita income Sri Lanka stands high and in the same of life expectancy but in literacy Myanmar is better than Srilanka. Pakistan is very poor in literacy rate and so Bangladesh. These countries do not show interest on literacy. In overall ranking Srilanka stands well, Pakistans ranking is least Countries should concentrate on what the people need proper medication, medical facilities to the poorer people, wide avallablitly of 104,108 services are essential in rural areas

In Telangana, to some extent these services are provided. Each one teach one programme is to be maintained so that all people will be liberated. Schooling should be strengthened. Per capita income should be spent on Health facilities and education. Priorities are to be set first and proper planning for its implementation is essential. So that countries can be developed

Question 3.
Read the following paragraph and write your opinion. If you get a job in atar off place, you write try to consider many factors apart from income. This code be facilities by your family, working atmosphere or opportunity to learn. In another case, a job may give you less pay but may offer regular employment that enhances your sense of security. Another job, however, may offer high pay but no job security and also leave no time for your family. This will reduce your sense of security and freedom?

Answer: According to lo this paragraph people give preference to income as well as facilities. They also want to spend time with their families. They need job security and freedom. It is not possible in all the cases. Many workers from ln a are migrating even to foreign countries for getting work so as to earn something for their livelihoods. Some people are working in cities like Hyderabad by keeping their families at their hometowns. They are losing the opportunity of spending their time with their families, Their living conditions are also not good. Many of them are leading sedentary life

In some cases pay is less but job is secure, How do they lead their lives with less payment? In some other cases, payment may be high but job security is not there. In our country, more than 90 percent of the workers employed in unorganized sector. They all face the problem of low wages. Some people want to live with family members though the wages are less. The agricultural labourers are the example, They even migrate to some other villages along with their families. I dont say that this is common to all the families. Whatever it is, I am coming to the conclusion that there are many factors that affect the livelihoods

Question 4.
Read the following paragraph and write your comments. When we looked at individual aspirations and goals, we found that people not  think of better income but also have goals such as security, respect of others, equal treatment, freedom, etc. Similarly, when we think of a nation or a region, we may think of other equally Important attributes besides Average Income?

Answer: This paragraph is about the aspirations and goals of the individuals. The people want their income and they want to be treated well. Though the wages are well and good, they dont want to be ill-treated. Everyone in the society wants to live with dignity which our Constitution promises. It is the question of prestige and social status. Many of the labourers are now looking towards prestige. There are so many other equally important attributes. These are applicable not only to the individuals but for the nations and states also

Some states in our country are getting more per capita income but they ere lacking in providing other facilities to the people. Nowadays schooling is very important to its children. For nations and states the literacy rate, net attendance rate, infant mortality rate are also considered n Its development. They have to provide schools, pollution free atmosphere, and unadulterated medicines, to its people for better living. Individuals also think about security of job or income opportunities and self-respect. The employers also have to think on this and they should understand the aspirations of the individuals. If these are not fulfilled, there may be dissatisfaction among the workers and so it leads to improper outcomes of work

Question 5.
Write a paragraph after reading the table?

Answer: According to this table in the country A, all the five persons are earning mostly equal monthly Income. In the country B the first four persons are earning only five hundred each but the fifth person is earning forty eight thousand rupees per month. If you are the fifth one it is OK but if you are one among the first four it will be worst to live in. If we consider the average, it will be the same as ten thousand per person per month. In these two countries the country A has more equitable distribution of income

In many countries, more income is there with a few persons. Many people in the countries are poor. They dont have minimum amount of income for their livelihoods. In the above table the average income of the two countries is the same but in B It Is not equally distributed. The Gross Domestic Product is to be distributed among the people of the country that means the poor also have to get their share in the country. The gap between the poor and the rich is to be removed and so the society of equality emerged

Question 6.
Read the following table and answer the following questions. Some Comparative data of Selected States?
State IMR per 1000 (2016) Literacy rate (%) (2011) Net Attendance Ratio ) for Secondary Stage (2013.14)
Haryana 33 77 81
Himachal Pradesh 25 84 67
Bihar 38 64 43
Question1. What does the table tell us?

Answer: The table tells us about some comparative data of selected states

Question2. What are the three states compared here?

Answer: The three states compared are Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Bihar

Question3. What does IMR mean?

Answer: MR means Infant Mortality Rate

Question4. Which state ranks best in literacy rate?

Answer: Himachal Pradesh ranks best in literacy rate with 84%

Question5. What Is the Net Attendance Ratio of Bihar In 2013-14?

Answer: The Net Attendance Rabo of Bihar in 2013-14 is 43

Question6. What is the position of Haryana in 2011 wIth regard to literacy rate?

Answer: The position of Haryana In 2011 with regard to literacy rate is next to Himachal Pradesh

Question7. What is literacy rate?

Answer: Uteracy rate is that the percentage of literate people ¡n the 7 and above years age group. (Many questions may be prepared for practice)

Question 7.
Study the table given and answer the following questions. Table: Some data regarding India and its neighbours for 2018?
Question1. What is the table about?

Answer: The table is about some data regarding India and Its neighbours countries for 2018.

Question2. What is the lite expectancy at birth in India?

Answer: The life expectancy at birth in India is 68.8 years

Question3. What components are considered in this table?

Answer: The conçonents considered ¡n the table are per capita income, lite expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and HDI

Question4. Which country ranks best in HDI?

Answer: Sri Lanka ranks best in HDI with 76 rank

Question5. What do you mean by HCN?

Answer: HDI means Human Development Index

Question6. Which country has the highest mean years of schooling?

Answer: Sri Lanka has the highest mean years of schooling

Question7. Per capita income Is shown in some symbol. What does it mean?

Answer: The syrttol given means dollar

Question8. What is the per capita income of India?

Answer: The per capita income of India Is $ 6.353

Question9. What is the lowest life expectancy at birth In the table?

Answer: 66.6 years Is the lowest life expectancy at birth n the table

Question10. How many countries Information Is given In this table?

Answer: The information given in the table is of 6 countries

Question11. Which countrys HDl is 149?

Answer: Pakistans HDI is 149

Question12. What is the rank of India In human development index?

Answer: The Rank of Human Development Index of india is 129. (Many questions may be prepared for practice)

Question 13.
Observe the following table and prepare a paragraph on It?

Answer: The comparison across two different years is indicative of development that has happened. Clearly, there has been greater development in schooling and spread of education in Himachal Pradesh than India as a whole. Though there is still a lot of difference in the average levels of education among boys and rls, I.e., across genders, there has been some progress towards greater equality in the recent years.

Question 8.
By studying the given map answer the following questions?
Question (a) Name two countries WhiCh have low Income?

Answer: Zimbabwe and Kenya are the two countries with low income

Question(b) Which two countries have very high income?

Answer: The USA and Canada are the two countries which have very high incomes

Question (c) Name two countries with high Income?

Answer: Brazil and Russia are the two countries with high income

Question (d) Which two countries have medium income?

Answer: India and Egypt are the two countries which have medium income

Question 9.
Create a few slogans on promoting girl education?

Answer:

  1. Girt with education - helpful to the family
  2. Educate a girl, - she educates a family
  3. Encourage girl education - save the nation
  4. An educated girl - serves the nation well. (Students can alt together and discuss to prepare a few slogans of their own.)
Question 10.
Prepare a pamphlet on Girl education?

Answer: PROMOTING GIRL EDUCATION Girls and boys in the society are equal but many of the parents give less importance to girl education compared to boys. This treatment of girls and boys in different ways is called gender bias. Some parents feel that boy is income and girl is expenditure. After marriage also the in-laws family of the bride normally gives very less importance to her education. This is the wrong notion that the people have. It is to be removed. The notion is to be changed. Many women have come forward to discharge their duties in political, educational and administrative areas. They are proving that they can do everything. In education also many girls are getting good results and ranks. Their number in civil services and other competitive examinations is rapidly increasing. If a girl is educated, she can manage her family herself well. She can educate her children

Many women now are district collectors or police officers and administrative officers and a few banks are being run under the leadership of female authorities. Many departments are under their control. For many years it has been a custom that the women have to work at kitchen but it Is disproved, it they were given choice to do something they can do it as we expected. All the parents should send their daughters to schools to study. They should be given an opportunity to show their intellect. All the parents should understand that their notion is to be changed and think positively about their daughters future

Question 11.
Study the following table and answer the questions that given below. ?
  1. What do you mean by literacy rate
  2. In which state the gross enrolment ratio is highest
  3. What could be the reason for the highest literacy rate in Himachal Pradesh
  4. In which state the IMR is least

Answer:

  1. The number of literates per every 100 persons in the population is known as literacy rate
  2. Himachal Pradesh
  3. Both the government of Himachal Pradesh and the people of the state were keen on education
  4. The government started schools and made sure that education was largely tree, or costs very little for parents
  5. Further, it tried to ensure that these schools had at least the minimum facilities of teachers, classrooms, toilets, and drinking water. etc
  6. Himachal Pradesh
Question 12.
Locate the following In the given map of India?
Question1. Nuclear power plant in Tamil Nadu?

Answer: Kudankulam

Question2. Schooling Revolution took place in the state?

Answer: Himachal Pradesh

Question3. Draw the Indian standard time?

Answer: 82½ E longitude

Question4. Islands in Bay of Bengal?

Answer: Andaman & Nicobar

Question5. Locate any one of Hill stations?

Answer: Nainital

Question6. River which is flowing through a rift valley.?

Answer: Narmada

Question7. The Hill Station located near Nilgiris?

Answer: Ooty

8. The largest river In South India?

Answer: Godavari

9. The largest river In India?

Answer: Ganga

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