• Sustainable Development With Equity

  Chapters

10th Class - Social Study-TS

  Share

10th Class - Social Study-TS
  • Solutions
  • Important Question
  • Question Papers / Notes Download
  • Videos

Solutions

TS 10th Class Social 11th Lesson Questions and Answers - Sustainable Development with Equity

Question 1.
Why did the people of Jalsindhi village refuse do move out of the village?

Answer: The people of Jalsindhi village were living in nature and with environment. Their lifestyle was totally connected with the nature. They refused to live in Gujarat. They were born from the belly of the Narmada. They were ready to die in her lap. So they refused to move out of the village

Question 2.
"This Is the land of our forefathers. We have a right to it. If this is lost, then we will only get spades and pickaxes, nothing else .e says Bava Mahaliya. Can you explain the statement?

Answer: They got the land from their forefathers. If that right was lost, they had to live as labourers by digging the earth in towns as construction labourers.

Question 3.
"Last, but not the least, the key to environmental problems lies in changing lifestyles that will minimize waste and pollution."?
(i) What are the various ways in which our lifestyles affect the environment? Use examples from your own context to explain?

Answer: "One person alone cannot save the Planets biodiversity, but each individuals effort to encourage natures wealth must not be underestimated". The various ways n which our lifestyles affect the environment

  1. The industries we established pollute the air we breathe
  2. Certain industries and human beings make it common practice to dump and pollute our water systems every day without any concern of the enormous affects it has on living things
  3. The precious land s subjected to harsh chemicals and hazardous dumping on a regular basis
  4. One of the biggest pollutants and contributors to global warming is the houses we live due to the carbon dioxide they pump Into the environment each and every day through burnt fossil fuels from the power stations that apply us with electricity
(ii) Find out about the various ways in whIch the problems of garbage and emissions are being dealt with around the world?

Answer:

  1. The best way of dealing with waste, both economically and environmentally, is to avoid creating It the first place. People and business that use resources wisely not only save money but also have much less impact on the environment
  2. Making products that are more durable, repairable, reusable, and recyclable would help out down on the amount of waste being created
  3. Encouraging people and business to re-use goods via charity shops or other re-uses networks would he boost markets for second-hand items
  4. Reducing the amounts of hazardous, harmful, or difficult-to-recycle substances In products or materials would help to protect the environment as well as improve the efficiency with which resources are used
Question 4.
Rapid extraction of minerals and other natural resources would adversely impact the future development prospects. Do you agree?

Answer:

  1. Yes, I agree with this statement
  2. We are extracting minerals and natural resources rapidly
  3. Modem industrial development and agricultural development are intensive in use of minerals and natural resources
  4. If this extraction goes on like this, the mineral deposits and natural resources will be depleted
  5. The extent of our current use of minerals and natural resources is such that the chances of future generations to have access to their fair share of scarce resources are endangered
  6. Moreover, the consequences in terms of impacts on the environment may induce serious damages that go beyond the carrying capacity of the environment
Question 5.
Why do you think the effects of climate change may be felt by all countries?

Answer: Many global issues are climate-related, including basic needs such as food, water, health, and shelter. Changes in climate may threaten these needs with increased temperatures, sea level rise, and changes in precision. etc

Climate change also threatens key natural resources, affecting water and food security. So conflicts, mass migrations, health impacts, and environmental stresses happened. So I think the effects of climate change may be felt by all countries

Question 6.
Should the average temperature of the earth be treated as s natural resource for all people? Why?

Answer:

  1. Temperature in Antarctica - 89.2°C
  2. Temperature in Sahara desert - 58°C.
  3. Temperature in Asia - 45°C
  4. The average temperature of the Earth is 15°C (According to NASA In 2008) Even though the variations In temperatures are too high in different regions the average temperature of the earth is reasonable. So it should be treated as a natural resource for all people
Question 7.
What are the lessons to be drawn from the alternate POS initiative at Zaheerabad mandate in Telangana?

Answer: Lessons to be drawn from the alternate PDS

  1. Many lessons can be drawn from the alternate PDS initiative of Zaheerabad area of Telangana
  2. We have to reverse the dependence on crops. like wheat and rice
  3. We can adapt to crops like millets
  4. Millets are hardy crops and nutritious
  5. A community can cultivate and start community grain banks
  6. Manage local grain and ensure food security in the village
Question 8.
The environment is crucially important for the lives and livelihoods of the local communities and the lifestyles of local communities are harmonious with the environment Explain?

Answer:

  1. For most rural communities, the link between the environment and the lives of people is very strong
  2. Access to environment serves their needs like food, firewood, fodder, and commercially valuable articles. etc.
  3. They lose out all if they are displaced
  4. The environment is denuded of its rich biodiversity and itch traditional knowledge
  5. With It, they can make good contributions to environment when it is endangered
  6. So, environment is crucially important for the lives and livelihoods of the local communities
  7. The lifestyle of local communities also should be in harmony with the environment
Question 9.
Locate The i) River Narmada ii) Sardar Sarovar Project in the map of India?

Answer:

Question10.
Is it better, to overuse of pesticides and New variety seeds in the name of High yielding in agriculture or not? Conduct a debate on it?

Answer: Agricultural development continues to remain the most important objective of Indian planning and policy. In this process, pesticides and HYVs have become an important tools

However, exposure to pesticides both occupationally and environmentally causes a range of human health problems

It has been observed that the pesticide exposures are increasingly linked to immune suppression, hormone disruption, diminished intelligence, reproductive abnormalities and cancer. Currently, India is the largest producer of pesticides in Asia and ranks twelfth in the world for the use of pesticides. So it is not better to overuse of pesticides and new variety seeds in the name of High yielding in agriculture

Project
Question11.
You have read about composting in the context of organic farming. Here is a simple method that you can try out in your school and home. Take a large size container and make several holes for water drainage. Layer it with coconut fibers for drainage. Cover it with a thin layer of soil. Add vegetable wastes in a layer. Add another layer of soil. Again add vegetable wastes in a layer. Cover with soil. After one week, introduce earthworms in it. After decomposition, use the soil to make a small garden with plants of your choice?

Answer: Self Activity

TS 10th Class Social 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity Intext Questions

Question 1.
Write a brief note on the inequality in India based on the graphs and figures?

Graph 1: Distribution of households In India based on annual Income (2010 survey)

Answer: Graph 1 shows the distribution of households in India based on annual income. It gives the details of rich people, middle class, below middle class, and poor people. We can see a lot of differences in terms of inequality. There are 135 million households with annual income Rs. 1.5 lakhs, 71 million households with income between Rs. 1.5 to Rs. 3.4 lakhs, 31 million households with income between Rs. 3.4 to Rs. 17 lakhs whereas 3 million households are there with annual income above Rs. 17 Lakhs

Graph 2 depicts that the total wealth held by Billionaires. When compared to 1996 and 2004, the total wealth by Billionaires had enormous increase in 2011. Graph 3 shows increase in the number of Billionaires. These were 3 billionaires in 1996, 9 billionaires in 2004 but the number of billionaires was 56 in 2011 which shows an enormous increase between 2004 and 2011

The figures show the living conditions of the rich and the poor. The rich are getting richer and richer whereas the poor are getting poorer and poorer. The rich are leading comfortable lives and the poor are living in pitiable conditions without even basic amenities. People with education, skill, and wealth have made the best use of opportunities

On the other hand, there are many people who have not shared the benefits, People with high income and wealth are the ones who have all the choices in the world to buy and consume. While some enjoy world-class living comforts, the vast majority, without proper employment and adequate incomes, are still deprived of minimum necessities for decent living. Such wide inequalities in incomes and opportunities across people cannot be the basis for a just society

Question 2.
How have they discussed issues of disparity and distribution and access to resources in these two contexts?

Answer:

  1. There are disparities in cultivating various crops and areas under such crop cultivation
  2. The land distribution was not equitable, more land was concentrated in the hands of large farmers and landlords
  3. Small landholdings were there for many small and marginal farmers
  4. There were irrigation facilities for only 40% of the total land cultivated
  5. When it comes to industries, we lack in sophisticated technologies and in adaption of them
  6. The capital required did not meet through mobilization and expansions of industries were not in large scale
  7. There is shortage of skilled labourers and the wages paid were also low
  8. Post globalization era changed these situations to some extent of improvement
Question 3.
Identify how the Idea of development has been contested through problems of environment?

Answer:

  1. The idea of development has been contested through problems of environment
  2. The groundwater levels fell rapidly and groundwater recharge Is also not to the expected level
  3. Fertilizers made the soil less fertile and ever-increasing costs to farmers
  4. Industrialisation has resulted in a world where natural resources are threatened
  5. Industrialisation has resulted In disruption of climate
  6. Economic development focussed narrowly on GDP sprigs from its neglect of environment
  7. Environmental resources have been used up and damaged to an unprecedented extent
  8. There occurred long-term damages to environment
Question 4.
What kind of environmental problems did the spread of groen revolution create? What lesson does this have for the future?

Answer:

  1. The Green Revolution has brought in several environmental imbalances
  2. The High Yielding Variety seeds usage required plenty of water
  3. Number of tube-wells were increased over the years, the groundwater level fell rapidly which meant that less groundwater is available for future use
  4. Green Revolution resulted in a loss of soil fertility
  5. The soil was deprived of normal production of microorganisms
  6. Chemical fertilizers polluted groundwaters, rivers, lakes, etc
  7. Thus, it resulted in ever-increasing costs of farmers
Question 5.
Why do you think has the modern method of lifting water proved to be unsustainable?

Answer:

  1. The modem method of lifting water has proved to be unsustainable
  2. Initially, there was relief from drudgery, and lifting of water with pumps was easy
  3. With the lifting of groundwater by electric and motor pumps, water tables started going down
  4. Nearly 1/3 of the country ¡s pumping out grounðwater than what goes in as recharge
  5. About 300 districts have reported a water level decline of over 4 mIs during the past 20 years
  6. Groundwaters are also becoming unsafe and being contaminated by chemical Industrial waste
Question 6.
Environment is also called natural capital. Recall the definition of capital from Chapter 8. Why do you think environment Is called natural capital?

Answer:

  1. Capital from Chapter 9 defines as the money needed to meet the inputs of agriculture and the raw materials for production
  2. They also included factors et production like land. Labour on which money is to be spent
  3. Many naturally existing substances like land, water, minerals, and ores, products from trees and animals are central to the production processes
  4. All the sectors of economy too are dependent on natural resources in various degrees, i.e. environments source function
  5. Thus, we can say that environment is natural capital
Question 7.
Why should water be considered as common property?

Answer:

  1. Water is available to us through the nature
  2. We can have access to it from different sources like underground water, canals, tanks and rivers. etc
  3. Its a compulsory part of living
  4. Thus It is common for all and is called cannon property
  5. We sham have it and retain ¡t for the future generations
  6. We have used it and this extra use Is causing a concern of future availability
  7. Underground waters are to be recharged and we should see that they are not contaminated
  8. For a better quality of life to everyone, water is necessary. So water is considered as common property
Question 8.
Why was it considered necessary to go to court to stop the use of endosulfan?

Answer:

  1. In 1976, to protect cashew crops the government sprayed the pesticide endosulfan by helicopter over 15,000 acres of land in Kasargod in Kerala
  2. The air, water, and entire environment was suffused with the pesticide
  3. Caused Serious health problems to local people. especially agricultural labourers
  4. At least 5,000 people died and far countless lite became miserable
  5. So lees necessary for toot court to slop the use of endosulfan
  6. In recent years, the use of endosulfan were banned by court order
Question 9.
The coral order banning the rae of endosulfan argued that the pesticide violated the Flagro to Life (Article 21 of the Constitution). Can you describe the use of endosulfan had violated peoples Right t Lie?

Answer:

  1. The Constitution guarantees Right to Lite under Article 21 of It
  2. It states that every Individual has the right to lead We which is secured
  3. But the spraying of pesticides, and written claimed the Ives of 5,000 people
  4. Apart from tire, a hee-turned-cancer aid determines which trade tile is worse trail
  5. The treatment was construed ta 25 years
  6. Thua tIre real emtoarjSan had violated peoples Right to Lite
Question 10.
In the chapter Idees on Devefoptnent, we read that altar le development for one might be destruction for another, Use Bava Mahaliyasss letter to explains this statement?

Answer:

  1. Bava Mahaliya in his letter brings out different ideas of development
  2. The idea that the government took was different from him
  3. Government says their lands were not hospitable but they say they are satisfied with living there
  4. As government caterers, they say that they own houses in arid have prosperous agriculture
  5. They have traditional knowledge of every tree and herb and shrub, which would be lost if they we to be dislocated
  6. They say their pool together and construct a house in one day and are living alike with sharing a common understanding
  7. Thus, we can say what is development for one might be destruction for another
Question 11.
How is loss of biodiversity being expressed In the letter?

Answer:

  1. The baa of biodiversity is expressed in different ways In the Letra
  2. The forest will be submerged and cannot be seen
  3. The various trees, shrubs, and herbs are not seen and their traditional knowledge will be forgotten
  4. Many different kinds of crops which were not grown outside the forest will not be cultivated
  5. Channels made from streams will be washed away
  6. Thus, the loss of biodiversity was discussed
Question 12.
Create a table Identifying the current aspects of life and changes that will occur if the tribal people are re-settled in a different state on the basis of following aspects: Food habits; Farming; Finance; Relation with forest; Religious practices; House making; Social relations?

Answer:

Question 13.
For the tribal people, livelihood, cultural practices, and social relations are deeply connected to the local environment. Can you explain the reasons for this?

Answer:

  1. They get their livelihood from local cultivation of own seeds, manure from livestock
  2. For irrigation water, they make channels from streams in the local environment
  3. They live with their clan, their relatives, and their kin
  4. All of them pool together to any individuals work needs
  5. Their village gods were all there and their ancestors memorial stones were there
  6. People come from all over to celebrate their festivals.
  7. All of them go to market where the youth choose their spouses
  8. Thus, tribal peoples livelihoods, cultural practices and social relations are deeply connected to the local government
Question 14.
Do you think that the people of Jalslndhi village are food secure In their present location?

Answer:

  1. I think the people of Jalsindhi village are not food secure In their present location
  2. As far as the various crops they grew. nothing insecure of food
  3. They eat the leaves of forest trees like heavy. Mahia, are, etc. It does not refer to food security
  4. In times of famine, they are survived by eating roots and tubers which Is not food secure
  5. When they fall sick, their medicine was leaves, roots, and bark from forest, this is also not food secure
Question 15.
If you lived in the above situation, how would you have responded to the demand for re-settlement?

Answer:

  1. If I lived in the above situation, I would have accepted the demand for resettlement
  2. At the place of resettlement, one may get schooling to their children
  3. In place of tribal medicine treatments governments provide with public health
  4. The food taken there may at times prove to be health hazardous
  5. Government pay provides with alternate land to practice modern agriculture, etc
Question 16.
Observe the following figure Write your caption in the context of environment?
Write your caption in the context of environment?

Answer:

  1. For a Better Future- Save The Nature
  2. Man is overusing natural resources indiscriminately
  3. Creating severe problems ecologically
  4. For our future generations, we should work collectively
  5. To conserve these invaluable resources judiciously
  6. And take measures that are eco-friendly
Question 17.
You have read about the protests against the Kudankulam nuclear power plant in the Chapter on Ideas on Development. Can you interpret the protest In view of what you have read here?

Answer:

  1. Kudankulam was a peaceful village in Tamil Nadu
  2. Most people from there depend on fishing for livelihood
  3. With the setting up Kudankuiam nuclear power plant all of them have to vacate that place
  4. They lost their livelihood
  5. Not only they have allayed the fears of the accidents in Nuclear plants
  6. A recent accident in Nuclear plant in Japan created a haven the minds of people
  7. They have protested on large scale
Question 18.
Environmental protection is not just crucial for those communities directly affected but for all of us. Explain with a few examples?

Answer:

  1. Climate change affects all countries and people. some may be more than the others
  2. Even a country is trying to reduce emission of greenhouse gases. Its environment would continue to deteriorate It other countries do not regulate their emissions
  3. As more and more groundwater is pumped out through electric and motor power pumps the water tables deplete
  4. In 59% of the districts of India, water from hand pumps and wells are unsafe for drinking
  5. Thus, environmental protection is not just crucial for those communities directly affected but for all of us
Question 19.
Read the class VIII chapters on Minerals and Mining. What Issues or conflicts emerge between industrialists and people living In mining areas?

Answer:

  1. People living in regions of rentals face cutting down of forests, destroying fields and habitations, creating large pits and mounds
  2. Nearby rivers and water sources are polluted
  3. This results In people leaving the land like that as the cider use of land cannot be continued
  4. Even people who live nearby face problems created by mining
  5. Uncontrolled mining by the private companies tar in excess of the permits even to them and disregarded safety measures
  6. Minerals taken by private companies without paying royalty to the government- thus people do not gel anything
Question 20.
What do you think would be the environmental and human costs of such rapid growth in mining?

Answer:

  1. Such rapid growth in mining would have a negative impact on the environment as well as at the human cost
  2. Mines are dug deep, so the layers at earth become weak
  3. They may cause Landslides, avalanches, earthquakes, etc
  4. Most of the water Is used in the process of digging and later process also
  5. Post liberalization era brought private people (companies) into mining activities
  6. Accidents may occur, tunnels may Fall down, or get flooded with water or there can be fire and suffocation due to gases - these dangers may be laced in mining
  7. With the motto of earning profits, these companies do not take proper measures of safety
  8. Thus, there may be many human losses In rapid extraction of minerals
Question 21.
There has been rapid increase in the extraction of minerals for domestic use and for exports to other countries since liberalisation and globalization of Indian economy. Using figures from the table given below substantiate the Observation?

Answer:

  1. The extraction of Bauxite Is raised from 6108 thousand tonnes in 1997-98 to 18000 thousand tonnes in 2010
  2. The extraction of Coal raised from 297000 in 1997-98 to 537000 thousand tonnes n 2010
  3. The extraction of Iron ore Is raised from 75723 in 1997.1998 to 260000 thousand tonnes in 2010
  4. The extraction of Chromite is raised from 1515 thousand and tonnes in 1997-1998 to 3800 thousand tonnes In 2010
Question 22.
Observe the following picture. Write your caption In the context of development?

Answer: On the name of development, man is causing natures destruction, So for the flora and fauna Where is the protection

Important Question

TS 10th Class Social Important Questions 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity

1 Mark Questions
Question 1.
What is Sustainable development?

Answer: Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs

Question 2.
Write one main characteristic of organic farming?

Answer: In organic farming, the farmers use local resources including on farm biological processes. Pest predators are available them. Microorganisms which make nutrients more accessible to the plants. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are not used only animal manure

Question 3.
What are the environmental problems that we are facing today?

Answer: The environmental problems that we are facing today are

  1. Water pollution, air pollution, and food pollution
  2. Global warming
  3. Loss of biodiversity
  4. Ozone depletion
Question 4.
What is HDI as a measure of development?

Answer: As a measure of development, HDI is an improvement over GDP and per capita income

Question 5.
Which expands the meaning of development?

Answer: HDI expands the meaning of development to include social indicators of education and health

Question 6.
Which are central to the production process?

Answer: Many naturally existing substances like land, water, minerals and ores, and products from trees and animals are central to the production process

Question 7.
What does the overuse of groundwater imply?

Answer: Overuse of groundwater implies that the stock of groundwater is being depleted. Very rapidly the groundwater has been falling to lower and lower levels

Question 8.
Which are centrai to modem development?

Answer: irrigation and power have been produced and both are central to modern development

Question 9.
What is called NBA?

Answer: The resistance to Sardar Sarovar and other dams with similar consequences in the Narmada valley has taken the form of a social movement. It is called Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA)

Question 10.
It is unjust to ask the poor people .. What is It?

Answer: We have several thousands of communities wing of the environment. To destroy the environment moans lo destroy these communities. It is unjust to ask the poor people to bear the cost of development

Question 11.
Which governments banned the chemical fertlilsers and pesticides?

Answer: The Sikkim government and Uttarakhand government

Question 12.
When did the Chipko movement start and where?

Answer: The Chipko movement started In the early 1 970s in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand

Question 13.
What does the word Chlpko mean?

Answer: The word Chipko means embrace

Question 14.
Who wrote the book Silent Spring?

Answer: Rachel Carson wrote the book Silent Spring

Question 15.
Where is Jalelndhi village?

Answer: Jalsindhi village is in Madhya Pradesh

Question 16.
Expand HDI?

Answer: Human Development Index

Question 17.
What is meant by "Water Recharge"?

Answer: Water Recharge means the percolation of water into the ground to be extracted

Question 18.
Write about Chipko Andolan?

Answer: Chipko means to embrace. The villagers hugged the trees saving them Interposing their bodies between them and contractors axes

Question 19.
What are the natural resources to use In production?

Answer: Natural resources used in production are land, water and minerals, forests, etc

Question 20.
What are the activities to take up through alternative Public Distribution System?

Answer: Alternate PDS advocates the practice of millets, establishment of community grain bank, issue of cards, and ensuring food security in village

2 Marks Questions
Question 1.
Write two slogans on enlightening people regarding environment protection"?

Answer: Slogans on Environment Protection

  1. Grow plants - Got oxygen
  2. Avoid plastic bags - Promote cotton bags
Question 2.
identify the importance of the environment in the development of a nation?

Answer: Development has to be achieved at any cost. Growth in GDP and modem industrial development are necessary, it Is argued, for raising me living standards of people and reducing poverty. Since modern industrial and agricultural development are intensive in use of natural resources including energy, depletion of resources and pollution of the environment is to be expected. It is a sacrifice that has to be borne for higher growth

Once high economic growth and prosperity is achieved, pollution and environmental degradation can be handled. One can spend money and clean up the air and rivers, drink bottled water and build cars that are fuel efficient. After all this is the route the developed countries have taken

Question 3.
Create any two slogans to prevent Global warming?

Answer:

  1. All be nice - Save the Ice
  2. Global warming - Not charming
  3. Protect Mother Earth - It protects all
Question 4.
What are the aspects taken as indicators to measure Human Development?

Answer: Indicators of development

  1. Per capita income
  2. Literacy rate
  3. Average years of schooling
  4. Expected years of schooling
  5. Life expectancy at birth
  6. Health status
  7. Employment status
  8. Equal distribution
Question 5.
Why Is It necessary to focus on sustainable development nowadays?

Answer: Focus on sustainable development nowadays is compulsory to meet the needs of the present as well as future generations We have to provide better quality of life for everyone. Conservation of feet of soil is also essential for future crops. Factory emissions are to be prevented to make the air and water pure

Question 6.
Prepare a pamphlet on the importance of Sustainable Development?

Answer: Importance of Sustainable Development The development which meets the needs of the present people without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is called sustainable development. Better quality of life is necessary not only for us but for the next coming generations also. The present concept of development is not like this

The present scenarios quite adversary. There is no such feeling of future generations and their needs. All generations have the right on utilizing the natural resources like water, air, and soil and soon. If we do not consider this, how the next generations survive that everyone should think of

To what extent the natural resources we need to that extent only we should use. This concept Is to be spread among the people. Government should take up awareness programmes on this Issue. Stringent actions should be Initiated against who violate the eco laws and acts. In some areas multinational companies have taken up the lands and pumping out the water and selling them

How does the government give permission to such companies which lead to fall down of groundwater level? Government should think about this and take action to make sustainable development a real concept

Question 7.
Prepare a pamphlet on the importance of Organic farming?

Answer: Pamphlet on importance of Organic Farming: Importance of Organic Farming Nowadays many people consume the food grains grown by using chemical fertilizers. There is no usage of organic food. Governments and Non-governmental agencies are concentrating various awareness programs but there Is no concentration on farming and consuming Organic Food grains

Due to chemicals, there are many diseases and poop1. suffer a lot with health problems. Whenever the farmers sprinkle some chemical spray on plants, the remains of chemicals join with water when there is a rain end the remains mix with water and reach any tank. The fish consume the water and the chemical enters the fish. When the humans consume the fish it affects them. Sometimes it leads to cancer

My appeal to the farmers and government is that everyone should give priority to Organic Food which has no side effects. It is healthy food. Natural manure like animal dung, dry leaves, and grass, humus, etc. are to be used in farming. Government should encourage cow-based agriculture instead of chemical farming including maintaining grain bank for next season so that the side effects will not be there. A healthy society can be seen

No. of copies: 2500                                                                                            Published by Welfare Society

Question 8.
How is environment protection linked wIth our lifestyle?

Answer: Our lifestyle is linked with environmental protection. We should be habituated to use organic productions. We should avoid plastic. Use renewable energy sources. Reducing quarrying and deforestation to zero. Industrial waste should be disposed of in a proper manner. Public transport with compressed Natural Gas is to be encouraged. Radiating devices are to be minimized

Question 9.
Write tour slogans to decrease the influence of the Anthropogenic Global Warming?

Answer: Slogans to decrease the Influence of the Anthropogenic Global warming

  1. Save trees 365 days Get protected from ultraviolet rays
  2. Each one-Plantone
  3. Conserve the nature - Save your future
  4. Nurture the nature - Nature nurtures you
Question 10.
On what does the primary sector depend?

Answer: In primary sector activities - agriculture, mining, quarrying - and in the manufacturing and energy sector, production is hugely dependent on natural resources. The other sectors of the economy too are dependent on natural resources in various degrees

Question 11.
What is environments source function?

Answer: The potential of an environment to provide these resources is referred to as an "environments source functions. This function is depleted as resources are consumed or pollution contaminates the resources

Question 12.
What is another function that the environment provides?

Answer: There is another function that the environment provides. It is to absorb and render harmless the waste and pollution from various activities. Unwanted by-products of production and consumption say exhaust gases from combustion, water used to dean products, discarded packaging, and goods no longer wanted are absorbed by the environment. This is as important as the source function

Question 13.
What does the sink function describe?

Answer: There is another function describes an environments ability to absorb and render harmless waste and pollution. When waste output exceeds the limit of the sink function, long-term damage to environment occurs

Question 14.
What happened in the past fifty years?

Answer: In the past fifty years of economic development, both these functions of the environment have been overused. This has been said to affect the carrying capacity of the environment, i.e., the capacity of the environment to support economic production and consumption in the future

Question 15.
What is sustainable development?

Answer: Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In other words, a better quality of life for everyone - now and for generations to come

Question 16.
What is the modern development for people who have been displaced? Why?

Answer: For people who have been displaced modern development has been unjust and destructive. Because they have lost access to their greater resource, the local environment. Without the local environment, their lives would be reduced to nothing

Question 17.
How are the environmental movements?

Answer: Each of the environmental movements has slightly different contexts, they are essentially demanding the rights of the local communities over the environment. Chlpko movement acted to prevent the cutting of trees and reclaim their traditional forest rights that were threatened by contractors. Narmada Bachao Andolan has stood for the rights of the people over land, forests, and river

Question 18.
What is the impact on the environment by the use excessive of pesticides and chemicals?

Answer:

  1. The excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers exhibits a negative impact on the society
  2. The environment cannot absorb harmful substances than a limit
  3. When waste output exceeds the it the seduction is limited, and danger occurs to the environment
  4. It pressurizes the environments ability to provide different resources for production
Question 19.
Is it correct to take HDI (Human Development Index) as a measure of development?

Answer:

  1. As a measure of development, HDI is an improvement over GDP and per capita income
  2. The idea of development is hardly limited to the production of goods and services
  3. The rapid expansion of production and income coexist with malnutrition and lack of education and health
  4. HDl expands the meaning of development to include social indicators of health and education
Question 20.
A high % workforce in low-paid employment, increase In GDP and the enormous variety of goods and services being produced can benefit only select groups Read this and interpret?

Answer:

  1. In India 90% of workforce is in the unorganized sector, where the conditions of working are not encouraging at all
  2. Incomes of both self-employed and wage workers In unorganised sectors are generally low and at times pitiably so
  3. With such a high percentage of the workforce in low-paid employment, an Increase In GDP and the enormous variety of goods and services being produced can benefit only to select groups
Question 21.
"Construction of big dams leads to environmental problems." Read this and interpret?

Answer:

  1. They disrupt the lives and livelihoods of lakhs of people
  2. Many people lose their access to local environment
  3. Many people drop from a state of self-sufficiency to scarcity
  4. They are at times made to depend on external forces
  5. Many lose their needs without access to environment
  6. Rich biodiversity and treasure of knowledge is lost which comes traditionally
Question 22.
Observe the table which shows the growth In the extraction of some key minerals In India. Extraction of minerals in thousand Tonnes
Minerals 1997-1998 2010
Bauxite 6,108 18000
Coal 2,97,000 5,37,000
Iron ore 75,723 26,00,000
Chromite 1,515 3800
After your observation, what do you think about the environmental loss of such rapid growth of mining?

Answer:

  1. Groundwater pollution would increase
  2. Temperatures would increase
  3. Air pollution would increase near the mining areas
  4. Water storage capacity would decrease due to soil erosion
  5. Extreme burning of coal leads ozone depletion
4 Marks Questions
Question 1.
Read the text given below and write your opinion. It is also important to realize that not only do people lose out as they are removed from their local environments, equally but the environment is also denuded of its rich biodiversity as the traditional knowledge ¡s lost along with the people?

Answer: The largest of the dams constructed is the Sardar Sarovar, which floods more than 37,000 hectares of forest and agricultural land, displacing more than half a million people and destroying some of Indias most fertile and. The project has devastated human lives and bio-diversity by inundating thousands of acres of forest and agricultural land

A disproportionate number of those being displaced are Adivasis and Dalits. Access to the environment serves a large number of their needs which otherwise they would have to pay for. As they lose access to environment either because of displacement or because the environment is destroyed and polluted, the poor are the greatest sufferers. The question of environment and sustainability is intimately connected to the issue of equity

Question 2.
Write a letter to your district collector on the problems of environment In your area?

Answer: Wyra, Khammam. xxxxx. To, The District Collector, Khammam District, Kharrwnam. Respected Sir, lam Srinivasa Rao, the resident of Gandhi Chowk. I would like to bring a few lines to your notice about problems of environment In our local area. In our locality, the migrant number is increasing. They are coming to city because of their needs and problems but it leads to new problems here. Water supply, sewage and other waste disposals, transportation and pollution problems are arising. There are plastic covers on the roads everywhere. Many animals on the roads eat those covers and die. As the garbage is increasing and it is not property deaned, unbearable stench is spread. There may be a scope for different diseases. I request you to take proper effective measures wherever polluted industries aro there and they should be shut down and minimize polluted plying vendee and reduce the release of greenhouse gases. Yours faithfully. Xxxxx?

Question 3.
Study the table given below and answer the questions. Growth in Extraction of Some Key Minerals in india (in thousand tonnes)?
Minerals 1997-1998 2008-2009
Bauxite 6,108 15,250
Coal 2,97,000 4,93,000
Iron ore 75,723 2,23,544
Chromite 1,515 3,976
Question (a) What do the particulars of above table tell about?

Answer: Growth in extraction of some key minerals In India

Question (b) In comparison to Other minerals, which one Is not being extracted more than double In 2008-09?

Answer: Coal is not being extracted more than double in 2008 - 09

Question (c) What might be the reasons for Increase in mining?

Answer:

  1. Number of industries increased
  2. Using machinery in mining
  3. Consumption of minerals increase
  4. Greed of human beings
Question (d) What do you think would be the environmental and human costs of such rapid growth in mining?

Answer:

  1. Sustainability of minerals
  2. Diversion in the direction of river flow
  3. Causes for floods
  4. Extinction of forest cover
Question 4.
Read the following paragraph and write your opinion on it. We are already experiencing the negative sequences of rapid economic growth on several fronts - the problem of groundwater and pesticides being two stark examples. We have several thousands of communities in Irving off the environment. To destroy the environment means to destroy these communities?

Answer:

  1. The idea of development has been contested through problems of environment
  2. The groundwater levels tell rapidly and groundwater recharge is also not to the expected level
  3. Fertilizers made the soil less fertile and ever-increasing costs to farmers
  4. Industrialisation has resulted in a world where natural resources are threatened

My Opinion: Always we should be able to integrate environmental concerns with the idea of progress, along with issues of equity and justice. We have to find an environmentally sustainable pathway out of poverty

Question 5.
Read the paragraph, understand and write your opinion on it. While Industrialisation has brought a lot of material comforts, at least to some it has resulted in a world where natural resources are threatened and now even the climate is being disrupted. This pattern of growth dearly cannot continue?

Answer: Opinion on Paragraph

  1. industrialisation in the world has brought a lot of material comforts loi the humans to lead a happy life
  2. Man has invented from small pin to big plane with these metals obtained by mining
  3. But at the same time the minerals are reducing in their quantity because mans short sigtitedness
  4. As a result of mans greediness the natural resources such as metals and fossil fuels are declining and threatening our planet to fall in danger
  5. Because clover use of these resources, climatic changes are going on with the depletion of ozone layer damage and environmental degradation. I conclude that this type of growth does not create sustainable development to the planet and further it becomes unjustifiable in degrading our environment
Question 5.
How do the environmental resources affect the economic growth?

Answer: In various contexts, the environmental resources have been used up and damaged to an unprecedented extent in the course of economic growth. Deforestation. soil erosion, lowering groundwater tables. Increasing pollution, pressure on grazing land, and rising dependence on fossil fuels. industrial emissions, use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides in agriculture, and climate change are some of the important and urgent environmental issues before us. While industrialization Ibas brought a lot of material comforts at least to some, It has resulted in a world whore natural resources are threatened and now even the climate is being disrupted

Question 6.
Write about the NVDP?

Answer: The Narmada Valley Development Project is the single largest river development scheme In India. It is one of the largest hydroelectric projects in the world and Is supposed to generate power, provide ringback and help with flood control. The environmental costs of such a project which involves the construction of more than 3,000 large and small darns. are mense

The largest of the dams constructed es the Sardar Sarovar, which floods more than 37,000 hectares of forest and agricultural land, of displacing more than half a million people and destroying some of Indias most force land. The protection has devastated human lives and biodiversity by inundating thousands of acres of forests and agricultural land. A disproportionate number of those being displaced are Adivasis and Datifs

Question 7.
What is the link between most rural communities and the environment?

Answer: For most rural communities, the link between the environment and the byes of the people is very strong. Access to the environment serves a large number of their needs (like food, firewood, fodder, economically valuable articles etc.) which otherwise they would have to pay for. As they lose access to environment either because of displacement, or the environment is destroyed and polluted, the poor are the greatest losers. The question of environment and sustainability is intimately connected to the issue of equity

Question 8.
What is the relation between development and environmental Issues?

Answer: Development has to be achieved at any cost. Growth in GDP and modern industrial development are necessary. it is argued, for raising the living standards of people and reducing poverty. Since modem industrial end agricultural development are intensive in use of natural resources including energy, depletion of resources and pollution of the environment is to be expected.

It is a sacrifice that has to be borne for higher growth. Once high economic growth and prosperity is achieved, pollution and environmental degradation can be handled. One can spend money and clean up the air and rivers, drink bottled water and build cars that are fuel efficient. After all this is the route the developed countries have taken

Question 9.
Write your comments on organic farming?

Answer: Organic farmers forego the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Instead, they rely mainly on natural techniques such as crop rotation, compost and biological pest control in farming. One of the main characteristics of organic agriculture is the use of local resources including on-farm biological processes such as the availability of pest predators (birds, spiders, insects) or soil micro-organisms (Rhizobium and Azotobacter) which make nutrients more accessible to the plant. The use of synthetic chemical inputs is minimized and farms can be bio-diverse as they produce a number of crops rather than only one or two crops. Furthermore, production levels can be maintained similarly to modern agricultural methods

Question 10.
Read the following paragraph and interpret In your own words. Recent data on the status 0f groundwater resources in India suggests that the groundwater is under serious threat el overuse in many parts of the country. Nearly one-third of the country is propping out more groundwater than what goes in as recharge. About 300 districts have reported a water level decline of over 4 meters during the past 20 years. This points to an alarming rate of extraction?

Answer: According to this paragraph, the groundwater resources are decreasing as we are overusing it. Maximum of water is pumped out from deep layers. Recharging is less and pumping ¡s more. In future, It will become a major problem to all people. The rate of extraction of water is dangerous for our existence

Extraction of groundwater doesnt affect the particular area where the extraction is going on but it affects all surrounding areas also, The depth of the bore wells is increasing day by day. If it continues, there will be no water in those bore wells also. Overuse of groundwater is found in the agriculturally prosperous states like Pun jab and western Andhara Pradesh. There is a change in the quality of the water also. Both quality and arid quantity have become the problem. Roads are being covered with cement and tar and many of the premises of houses are covered with cement. Overusing of plastic has also become a problem

It creates a layer in the crust of the earth. There is no scope for water percolation, There should be a change in the human attitude. Our behaviour should be environment friendly. We should not overuse the groundwater. Deep wells should be discouraged. Plastic usage should be prohibited. Government should take stringent action against the people who do not follow these conditions

Question 11.
Read the following paragraph and interpret it In your own words. This pattern of development is in direct contrast to what sustainable development stands for. Sustainable development Is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In other words, a better quality of life for everyone -now and for generations to come?

Answer: According to the paragraph given, the development which meets the needs of the present people without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is called sustainable development. Better quality of life is necessary not only for us but for the next coming generations also. The present concept of development is not like this. The present scenario is quite an adversary to the paragraph. There is no such feeling of future generations and their needs

All generations have the right on utilizing the natural resources like water, air and soil, and so on. If we do not consider this, how the next generations survive that everyone should think of, To what extent the natural resources we need to that extent only we use. This concept is to be spread among the people

Government should take up awareness programmes on this issue. Stringent actions should be initiated against who violate the eco laws and acts. In some areas multinational companies have taken up the lands and pumping out the water and selling them. How does the government give permission to such companies which lead to tall down of groundwater level? Government should think about this and take action to make sustainable development a real concept

Question 12.
Read the following paragraph and write your opinion. For most rural communities, the link between the environment and the lives people is very strong. Access to environment serves a large number of their needs (like food, firewood, fodder, economically valuable articles, etc.) which otherwise they would have to pay toi. As they lose this access to environment either because of displacement. or because the environment is destroyed and pouted. the poor are the greatest sufferers. question of environment and sustainability Is intimately connected to the issue of equity?

Answer: According tihe paragrãh given here, the rural people are attached with environment for their food and other commodities. When there is a displacement they dont have this facility of getting commodities. These poor people suffer a lot when the environment is destroyed and polluted

My opinion on this paragraph is that many a time it is happening in many places. When displacement takes place, the forest dwellers have to face many problems. They dont have sufficient food and land for cultivation. They dont get loans as they are new to the money lenders of that place. The banks also dont give loans as they have no collateral

They are forced to vacate the place and so they dont have access to their commodities. They have to pay money for everything. Most of these people are very poor. Their relation between forest and livelihood is inseparable. The rural women go to forest areas or nature and collect their firewood and fodder for their regular use

The government should think about the troubles of these people when they are asked to move from their living places. I am not opposing to constructing dams and projects but the displacement should not lead to troubles. Alternate arrangements should be made keeping their problems in mind

Question 13.
Growth in the Extraction of Some key Minerals in India (In thousand tonnes)
  1997-1998 2010
Bauxite 6108 18,000
Coal 297000 537000
Iron ore 75723 260000
Chromite 1515 3800
Read the table and answer the following questions?
Question 1. What are the minerals given In the table?

Answer: The minerals given In the table are bauxite, coal, chromite, and Iron ore

Question 2. Which minerals were extracted more?

Answer: The minerals coal and iron ore were extracted more

Question 3. WhIch minerals were extracted less? Why?

Answer: The minerals which were extracted less are bauxite and chromite as their usage is less

Question 4. What are the environmental problems In extraction of these minerals?

Answer: With excessive extraction of minerals many environmental problems anse. Forest areas are lost; many species, animals, birds, trees extinct increase pollution leading to siltation

Question 14.
Locate the following points on the India map provided?
  1. Mumbai
  2. Hyderabad
  3. Madhya Pradesh
  4. Gujarat
  5. Tamil Nadu
  6. Kerala
  7. Punjab
  8. Uttar Pradesh
  9. River Narmada
  10. Sardar Sarovar Project
  11. Delhi

Answer:

Question 15.
How does the lifestyle of people influence the environment? What are your suggestions to protect the environment?

Answer: There is a strong bondage between the lite style of human kingdom and environment. Environment fulfills many of our needs. The people of a region lives according to their environment. Their traditions, cultures, festivals, etc. are based on their environment

My Suggestions:
  1. Natural resources should be used limitedly
  2. Forest should not be cut down. We should take care of them
  3. Industrial wastes should be recycled
  4. The establishment of industries which release more pollution should be restricted
  5. People should be enriched with the knowledge of environment
Question 16.
Observe the following Graph diagram?
Write a brief note on the inequality in India based on the graph.

Answer:

  1. 3 million households with annual income above Rs. 17 Iakh are classified as rich
  2. 31 million households with annual income between Rs. 3.4 to Rs. 17 Iakh are classified as middle class
  3. 71 million households income is between Rs. 1.5 to Rs. 3.4 Iakh classified as aspirers
  4. 135 million Iakhs classified as deprived
  5. In our country more than 90% of the people are in unorganized sector
  6. It dearly says that rich are becoming more rich, whereas the poor remain poor
  7. There is inequality in holding wealth as well as opportunities
  8. Wide inequalities in incomes arid opportunities across people cannot be the basis for a just society

Question Papers / Notes Download


Videos


Join
Intermediate