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TS 10th Class Social 1st Lesson Questions and Answers - India: Relief Features

Question 1.
The sun rises two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the west. But the clocks show the same time. How does this happen?
Answer:
  1. The local times of places which lie on different meridians are bound to differ
  2. The sun rises two hours earlier r Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Guaral the west
  3. This causes a time loss of two hours from Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh
  4. To avoid confusion due to time differences and to have a standard time for reference, the time along the meridian 82°30 E passing through Mirzapur in U.P. has been taken as the standard time for the entire country
  5. This is why the clocks show the same time
Question 2.
If the Himalayas werent situated where they are now, how would the climatic conditions of the Indian subcontinent be?
Answer:
  1. The Himalayas affect the climate of india by blocking cold air blowing from the North that comes from Siberia and Central Asia
  2. Without the Himalayas, India would get cold temperature in the wnte months
  3. The Himalayas form a natural barrier that prevents monsoon winds from going further north
  4. The Himalayas are reason for summer rains and monsoon-type climate in the regions that are beyond the Western Ghats of India
  5. In its absence, this region would have remained drier
  6. India would have been a tropical desert
Question 3.
Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the peninsular plateau?

Answer: The major physiographic divisions of india are

  1. The Great Himalayas
  2. The indo-Gangetic plain
  3. The Peninsular Plateau
  4. The Coastal Plains
  5. The Desert and
  6. The Islands
Himalayan region Peninsular region
The Himalayas are located In the northern region of our country The Peninsular region is located in the southern region of our country
The Himalayas are young fold mountains of comparatively recent origin The central highlands are formed of low hills and there is no high peak of worldwide tame in these hills
Many great perennial rivers like the Indus, the Ganges, and the Brahmaputra originate from the Himalayas Some great rivers like the Godavari, the Krishna, the Mahana, the Tapati, and the Narmada originate from these hills
These are formed of the sedimentary rocks The central highlands are formed of igneous and metamorphic rocks
They are formed at the edge of the Indo- Gangetic plain They are formed at the edge of the Deccan plateau
Important hill stations like - Shimla, Mussoorie, Darjeeling. Nainital are found On the Himalayas Udagamandaiam-a hill station is found On these hills
Question 4.
What is the influence of the Himalayas on Indian agriculture?

Answer: Influence of the Himalayas on Indian Agriculture

  1. Fertile soil: The sediments carried by the Himalayan rivers are deposited in the northern plain in the form of fertile soil, it makes the plain one of the most fertile lands in the world. e.g.: Bhabar, Terai, Bhangar
  2. Source of rivers: The Himalayas act as a huge reservoir of water for the north Indian rivers. Abundant rainfall, vast snowfield, and huge glaciers are the feeding grounds of the mighty rivers of India. All these are perennial rivers and lifelines of north India
  3. This region Is suitable for construction of multipurpose protection which strengthens the Indian agriculture
  4. The Himalayan ranges keep the country warm by obstructing the northern winds. This helps Indian agriculture to cultivate many varieties of crops
Question 5.
Indo- Gangetic plains have a high density of population. Find the reasons?
Answer:
  1. This area in south Asia is extremely fertile and excellent for farming
  2. This makes the Indo-Gangetic plain a heaven for Indian farmers to grow rice and wheat
  3. The plain supports high density of the population as it is very easy to build on
Question 6.
On an outline map of India. show the following?
  1. Mountain and hill ranges - the Karakoram, the Zaskar, the Patkai Bum, the Jainhia. the Vlndhya range, the Aravali, and the Cardamom hills
  2. Peaks - K2, Kanchenjunga, Nanga Parbat and the Anaimudi
  3. Plateaus Chotanagpur and Maiwa
  4. The Indian Desert. Western Ghats, Lakshadweep Islands
Answer:
Question 7.
Use an atlas and identity the following?
  1. The Islands formed due to Volcanic eruption
  2. The countries constituting the Indian Subcontinent
  3. Th. states through which the Tropic of Cancer passes
  4. The northernmost latitude In degrees
  5. The southernmost latitude of the Indian mainland in degrees
  6. The eastern and the westernmost longitude in degrees
  7. The place situated on the three seas
  8. The strait separating Sri Lanka from India
  9. The Union Territories of India
  10. The states in which the Himalayas are extended to
Answer:
  1. The Islands formed due to Volcanic eruption
  2. Narcondam and Barren Islands
  3. Surtsey: the southern coast of Iceland
  4. Hawaii island
  5. Thera island
  6. Montserrat island, etc
  7. The countries constituting the Indian subcontinent
  8. Bangladesh
  9. Sri Lanka
  10. Maldives
  11. Nepal
  12. Bhutan
  13. Pakistan
  14. Tibet (China)
  15. Myanmar
  16. The Tropic of Cancer passes through these Indian states
  17. Gujarat
  18. Rajasthan
  19. Madhya Pradesh
  20. Chattisgarh
  21. Jharkhand
  22. West Bengal
  23. Tripura
  24. Mizoram
  25. The northernmost latitude in degrees: The nethermost latitude ¡n degrees : 37°6 N
  26. The southernmost latitude of the Indian mainland In degrees: The southernmost latitude of the Indian mainland in degrees: 8°4
  27. The eastern and the westernmost longitude in degrees: Easternmost Longitude: 97°25 Westernmost Longitude: 68°7
  28. The place situated on the three seas: Kanyakumari
  29. The strait separating Sri Lanka from India The Palk strait separates Sri Lanka from India
  30. The Union Territories of India
  31. Andaman & Nicobar Islands
  32. Chandigarh
  33. Dadra and Nager Haveli
  34. Damai, & Diu
  35. Lakshadweep
  36. NCT of Delhi
  37. Puckicherry
  38. Ladakh
  39. Jammu and Kashmir
  40. The states In which the Himalayas are extended to The Himalayas are extended into, Jammu Kashmir. Himachal Pradesh. Nagaland, Manipur and Meghalaya in India
Question 8.
How are the Eastern coastal plains and western coastal plains similar or different?
Similarities:
  1. They are the physical features of India
  2. They both lie in the southern part of India
  3. They both lie near to the coast
Differences:
Eastern Coastal Plains Western Coastal Plains
Eastern coastal plains belt of plain region lying towards the east between Eastern Ghats and Bay of Bengal Western coastal plains is a belt of plain region lying towards the west between Western Ghats and Arab
Eastern coastal plains are comparatively wider This belt of plains Is narrow in width
Eastern coastal plains are very fertile because rivers like Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery depost their sediments during delta formation Western coastal plains are less fertile because no major river is engaged in sediment deposition
Eastern plains receive comparatively lesser rainfall Western plains receive more
From north to south. Eastern coastal plains are divided into Utkal coast, Circar coast, and Coromandel coast From north to south, Western coastal plains are divided into Konkan coast, Canara coast arid Malabar coast
Question 9.
Plateau regions In India do not support agriculture as much as the plain regions - what are the reasons for this?
Answer:
  1. Plateau regions in India do not support agriculture as much as the plain regions
  2. There are many reasons for this
  3. The physical formation of plateau is not much support to agriculture
  4. Plains are formed with alluvial soils which are very fertile, so support agriculture
  5. The rugged surface of plateau makes irrigation difficult whereas plains provide many irrigation facilities
  6. Plateau region does not have any perennial rivers, whereas plain regions have perennial rivers
  7. Plateau region is rich in mineral resources whereas plains are rich in agriculture practice
Question 10.
Read about the Himalayas, Islands, and Coastal plains and prepare a detailed table?
Answer:
Question 11.
Himalayas play a vital role In Indias development comment?
Answer:
  1. The seasonal cycles of accumulation of ice, movement, and melting of glaciers are the sources of the perennial rivers.
  2. The Himalayas influence Indias climate in different ways,
  3. They protect the great plains of India tram the cold winds of central Asia during severe winter.
  4. They cause for surrender rains and monsoon type of climate.
  5. The perennial rivers bring a lot of silt, making the plains very fertile
  6. The fertile plains are useful for cultivation
  7. The valleys are useful for orchards and growing vegetables
  8. The hill stations attract the tourists so as to increase tourism
  9. The rivers are useful in producing hydel power
  10. Hence it is said that the Himalayas play a vital role in Indias development

Project

Question1.
Using the raised relief map, and physical maps in your atlas make clay! sand models of India on the ground. Use different types of sand or soil to mark different types of relief features. Ensure that the heights of the places are proportional and rivers are marked. Look at the vegetation map in your atlas and try to use leaves and grasses to decorate them. Maybe over the year, you can also add other features of India into them?

Answer: Students Activity

TS 10th Class Social 1st Lesson India: Relief Features Intext Questions

Question 1.
Look at the world map given below and write a few lines about Indias location with reference to the places marked on this map?

Answer: India is located to the north of the equator between 8°4 and 37°6 north latitudes and 97°25 east longitudes. The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle (almost) of the country. Apart from the mainland, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep are also parts of India

  1. The lines of latitude and longitude are used for accurately specifying location of any place or region. Use the atlas and correct the following statement
  2. "India is a very extensive country and lies totally in the Southern Hemisphere ot the globe. The countrys mainland lies between 8 degrees N and 50 degrees N longitude and 68 degrees 5 and 9 degree E latitude."

Answer: India is a very extensive country and hes totally m the Northern Hemisphere and the Eastern hemisphere of the globe. The countrys mainland lies between 8°4 and 37°6 north latitudes and 68°7 and 97°25 east longitudes

Question 3.
Why do we often use the term Indian peninsula"?

Answer: Any country which is surrounded by sea on three sides and the fourth side is landlocked, is called peninsula. India is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal. the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea as its three borders and the fourth edo Is landlocked with the Himalayan mountains. So we often use that term Indian peninsula

Question 4.
Examine the map (Text P.1) and imagine that India is located in the Arctic Circle. How would your life be different?

Answer: For humans that live in the Arctic, conditions there dictate the lifestyle to a very great extent. We must cope with very low temperatures and darkness in the winter and temperatures above freezing and constant daylight In the summer. Diet Is based on foods that can be taken from the natural environment since agriculture is impossible. I think my life would be totally different in all the angles

Question 5.
Identify Indira Point on the atlas. What is special about this?
Answer:
  1. In Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Narcondam and Barren Islands are volcanic origin
  2. The southernmost tip of Inca found In Nicobar Island is called Indira Point
  3. It is named in honour of Smt. Indira Gandhi
  4. It was submerged during the 2004 Tsunami
Question 6.
Telangana lies between and .... N ......... latitudes and and E longitudes?

Answer: Telangana lies between 15°.55 and 19°.56 N latitudes and 77°.15 and 80°.46 E longitudes

Question 7.
Using the scale given in your atlas, estimate the length of the coastline for Gujarat and Odisha?

Answer: The length of the coastline loi Gujarat:1214.7 kms. The length of the coastline to Odisha: 560 kms

Question 8.
Look at the map 2. Trace the boundary of India and colour the line. With the help of the scale given on the map, find out the total land boundary that India shares with Bangladesh?
Answer: The total land boundary that India shares with Bangladesh is 4,096.70 km.
Question 9.
Which of these data are the sunrise and sunset timings for Alimedabad and Imphal? Explain your reason?
Answer:

Reason:


The longitude of Ahmedabad is 72°E.


The longitude of Imphal Is 93°95E.

That means Imphal is located to the east of Ahmedabad. As the sun rises in the east it
rises in Implial first. There is a time difference of hour 21 minutes in between these two places

Question 10.
List the Himalayan rivers and the Peninsular rivers that helped the formation of North Indian Plain?

Answer: The Himalayan rivers that helped the formation of North Indian Plain are

  1. Indus and its tributaries, the Jhelum, the Chenab. the Ravi, the Boas and the Sutlej
  2. The Ganga and its tributaries, the Ghaggar, the Teesta, the Sone, the Kosi and the Yamuna river
  3. The Brahmaputra and its tributaries
  4. A majority of the tributaries of the Ganga may originate n the Himalayan ranges but some of them have their sources in the peninsular plateau
  5. The peninsular rivers that helped the formation of Northern plain are the Charnbal, the Sind, the Beiwa, the Ken, and the Son originating in the northern part peninsula belong to the Ganga river system
Question 11.
The formation of Himalayas was ........ million years ago while early hunter-gathering human beings emerged on earth million years ago?

Answer: 200;1.8

Question 12.
Look at the raised relief map! atlas of India in your school. Using your finger, trace the regions mentioned below?
  1. Follow the course of Godavari and Krishna rivers to identify the direction of slope of Deccan plateau

Answer: The direction of slope of Deccan plateau is West to East

  1. Describe the entire course of the Brahmaputra River, with reference to landforms, heights and countries

Answer: Brahmaputra river. Bengali Jamuna, Assamese Dihang, Tibetan Tsangpo, Chinese (Pinyin) Yarlung Zano Jiang, or Ya-lu-tsang-pu Chiang. is a major river of central and south Asia. It flows some 1,800 miles from its source in the Himalayas to its confluence with the Ganges river, after which the mingled water of the two rivers empty into the Bay of Bengal. Along its course, it passes through the Tibet autonomous region of China, the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh, and Assom, and Bangladesh

For most of its length, the river seems as an important inland waterway. It is not, however, navigable, between the mountains of Tibet and the plains of India. In its lower course, the river is both a creator and a destroyer depositing huge quantities of fertile alluvial sod and also causing disastrous and frequent floods.

Its source:
The Chemayungdung glacier.
Three headstreams:

The Kubi. the Angsi and the Ctìemayungdung.
its tributaries:


Dibang,

Lohit,
Toasta, etc.

Question 13.
Locate the three ranges in your atlas?
Answer:
  1. Greater Himalayas or Himadri
  2. Himachal Himalayas
  3. Shiwaliks
Question 14.
Locate some of the highest peaks in the raised relief map?

Answer: Mt. Everest, K2 (Gowdin Austin), Kanchenjunga, Gowrisankar, Nanga Parbat. Dhaulagiri and Nandadevi

Question 15.
Trace the above regions in the raised relief map and on the wall map with your fingers?

Answer: Student& Activity

Question 16.
Locate the following places on the physical map of India In your atlas: Shimla, Mussuone, Nainital, and Ranikhet?
Answer:
Question 17.
Locate the following ranges on the physical map of India?
Hills State/States
Purvanchal  :
Patkai  :
Naga hills  :
Manipur hills  :
Answer:
Hills State/States
Purvanchal Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya. Tripu
Patkai Assam, Arunachal Pradesh
Naga Hills Nagaland
Manipur hills Mizoram.
Question 18.
Locate the following on the physical map of India and on the raised relief map: Matwa plateau, Bundelkhand, Bhagelkhand. Rajamahal Hills and Chotanagpur plateau?
Answer:
Question 19.
Using an atlas, compare the relative heights of above plateaus with that of Tibetan plateau?
Answer:
  1. Height of Tibetan Plateau - More than 4500 mts
  2. Height of Malwa Plateau - Above 800 mis
  3. Height of Bundelkhand - 300 to 450 rnts
  4. Height of Bhagelkhand - 300 to 450 mts
  5. Height of Rajamahal hills - 1200 to 1646 mts
  6. Height of Chotanagapur Plateau - 700 mts
Question 20.
Look at the raised relief map of India and compare the relative height of the Western and the Eastern Ghats as well as Tibetan plateau and Himalayan peaks?
Answer:
  1. In features the average height of Western Ghais i& more than 2000 Mts
  2. The average height of Eastern Ghats rarely exceeds 900 Mts
  3. The height of worlðs highest tableland, the Tibetan plateau is above 4500 Mts
  4. The Himalayan peaks are of three ranges
  5. In Himadri, the average height of peaks is 6100 Mts
  6. In Himachal, the average height of peaks is 4000 Mts
    7.  
  7. In Shiwaliks the average height of peaks is around 1000 Mts

Heights of the Himalayan Peaks:

  1. Mt. Everest 8,848 mts
  2. K2: 8,611 mts
  3. Kanchenjunga : 8,586 mts
  4. Lhotse: 8,516 mts
  5. Malcalu: 8A62 mts
  6. Cha Oyu: 8,201 mts
  7. Dhaulagiri : 8,167 mts
  8. Manaslu: 8.156 mts
  9. NangaParlat : 8,126mts
  10. Annapuma : 8.091 mts. Etc
Question 21.
On the physical map of India, identify the delta regions. How is their height similar or different? How do they compare in relation to the Indo-Gangetic plains?

Answer: Elevation of the Godavari Delta and the Krishna Delta is O mts from the Mean See Level Elevation of the Indo-Gangetic plains is 300 mts. from the Mean Sea Level. Reason:
Deltas are formed at the mouth of the rivers.
But plains are relatively on higher elevation.

Important Question

TS 10th Class Social Important Questions 1st Lesson India: Relief Features

1 Marks Questions
Question 1.
What is the time in India when it is 8 am in London?

Answer: 1.30 pm in India when it is 8 am in London

Question 2.
Give examples for Himalayan hill stations?

Answer: Examples for the Himalayan hill stations are

  1. Shimla
  2. Mussuone
  3. Ranikhet
  4. Nainital
Question 3.
Read the map given and answer the questions.
Question (a) Name the latitude that divides India into two parts?

Answer: Tropic of Cancer / 23°30 Northern latitude

Question(b) On which longitude, is Indian Standard Time based upon?

Answer: 82°30 Eastem longitude

Question 4.
Mention any one difference between the physical features of the Andaman and Nicobar islands and the Lakshadweep?

Answer:

Andamen and Nicobar Islands Lakshadweep Islands
Stretched in Bay of Bengal Stretched in Arabian sea
Some of these are of volcanic origin. These are of coral origin
Question 5.
How are the Naricondam and Barren islands formed?

Answer: The Narkondam and Barren islands are formed due to volcanoes

Question 6.
Why are the Peninsular rivers non-perennial?

Answer: Peninsular rivers are non-perennial because they do not flow throughout the year

Question 7.
Differentiate Eastern ghats and Western ghats?
(OR) Mention any two differences between the Western and Eastern Ghats.

Answer:

Eastern ghats Western ghats
Less height More height
Not continuous ranges Continuous ranges
No origin of rivers Rivers originate
Highest peak is Aroma Konda Highest peak is Anaimudi
Question 8.
Which continents 01 today were part al the Gondwena land?

Answer: India, South Africa, Australia and South America were pail of the Gondwana land

Question 9.
Name three major divisions of the Himalayas from North to South?

Answer:

  1. The Greater Himalayas or Himadri
  2. The Meddle or Lower or Himachal Himalayas
  3. The Shiwaliks or Outer Himalayas
Question 10.
Name the island group of India having coral origin?

Answer: Lakshadweep.

Question 11.
What is the peninsular plateau composed of?

Answer: The peninsular plateau is composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks

Question 12.
Identify the regional division of the Northern plains?

Answer:

  1. Punjab plain
  2. Ganga plain
  3. Brahmaputra plain
Question 13.
What are the relief features that em found In the Northern plains?

Answer:

  1. Bhabar
  2. Terai
  3. Bhangar
  4. khadar
Question 14.
Which landforms feature was a part of Gondwana lend?

Answer: Pensdar Plateau

Question 15.
Which plateau lies between the Aravalis and the Vindhya range?

Answer: Matwa Plateau

Question 16.
Where are the Aravaft hills located?

Answer: The Aravali hills are located on the western and north-western margins of the peninsular plateau in Rajasthan

Question 17.
What is a doab?

Answer: The Land between two rivers is known as doab. Do means two, and means water

Question 18.
What is Bhangar?

Answer: Bhangar is the largest part of the northern plains and is formed by the oldest alluvium

Question 19.
What is Khadar?

Answer: The younger alluvium deposit is called Khedar

Question 20.
What is a reef?

Answer: A ridge of jagged rock formed from coral secretions and skeletons

Question 21.
Name some kinds of reefs?

Answer: Barrier reef, coral reef, and fringing reef

Question 22.
What was called Angara land?

Answer: The northern part of Pangaea was called Angara land

Question 23.
What are known as Purvanchal?

Answer: The Himalayas in the northeastem states are known as the Purvanchal hills

Question 24.
What Is the average altitude of Himadri?

Answer: 6,100 metres

Question 25.
Where is the Kanchenjunga peak?

Answer: The Kanchenjunga peak is in Sikkim

Question 26.
Which is the second-highest peak in the Himalayas?

Answer: K2, in the Karakoram range, is the second-highest peak after Mount Everest

Question 27.
Name the valley. In the Himachal rang?

Answer: Kangra, Kulu, and Kashmir valley

Question 28.
What are Duns?

Answer: The longitudinal valleys between the Lower Himalayas and the Shiwaliks are known as Duns. e.g.: Dehradun, Patti dun, Kotil dun

Question 29.
Where is Bhabar located?

Answer: Bhabar is located at the toot of the Shiwaliks

Question 30.
What are the two divisions In the Peninsular Plateau?

Answer: Central Highlands and Deccan Plateau

Question 31.
Which is the easternmost part of the central highlands?

Answer: The Chotanagapur Plateau is the easternmost part of the central highlands

Question 32.
Which is the highest peak in the western ghats?

Answer: Anaimudi

Question 33.
What is the other name of Ooty?

Answer: Udagamandalam

Question 34.
Which is a narrow coastal plain?

Answer: The Western coastal plain is a narrow plan

Question 35.
Name the Peninsular rivers?

Answer: The Godavari, the Krishna and the Cauvery

Question 36.
According to the given table below, which area is the eastern side?

Answer: According to the given table, Imphal is located on the east side

Question 37.
Which Indian Islands are Volcanic Origin?

Answer: Andaman and Nicobar. (OB) Narkondam and Barren

2 Marks Questions
Question 1.
Mention the major relief divisions of Indian landmass?

Answer: The relief divisions of Indian landmass can be divided into following groups:

  1. The Himalayas
  2. The Indo-Gangetic Plain
  3. The Peninsular Plateau
  4. The Coastal Plains
  5. The Desert
  6. The Islands
Question 2.
Why are the Himalayas important to India?

Answer:

  1. The formation of the Himalayas influences the climate in various ways
  2. These act as barriers protecting the great plains of India from the cold winds of central Asia during severe winter
  3. The Himalayas are reason for summer rains and monsoon-type climate in regions that are beyond the Western Ghats of India
  4. The Himalayan rivers have a perennial flow since these are fed by the glaciers
  5. These rivers bring a lot of silt, making these plains very fertile
  6. There are famous hill stations like SimIa, Mussorie, Nainital, Ranikhet, etc. covered by evergreen forests
  7. The valleys are known for the cultivation of fruits
  8. There are passes in the Himalayas which act as great exchange of culture and commerce
Question 3.
How are the Himalayas divided regionally or on the basis of river valleys?

Answer:

  1. Punjab Himalayas between rivers Indus and Sutlej
  2. Kumaon Himalayas between rivers Sutlej and Kali
  3. Nepal Himalayas between rivers Kali and Teesta
  4. Assom Himalayas between n vers Teesta and Brahmaputr
Question 4.
Look at the picture and comment on It?

Answer: It is a sketch of different levels of vegetation In the Himalayas. There are 5 levels in that vegetation. Level I: On the top of the mountains - there is no vegetation. Level II: On the hill slopes - there is only grass. Level III: Next to the level II - this area is covered with conifers. Level IV: Next to level III - this area is covered with broad-leaf trees. Level V: At the feet of the mountains. It is Terai with tree cover

Question 5.
Write a short note on the Great India n Desert?

Answer: The Great Indian Desert lies towards the western margins of the Aravalli Hills. The region gets scanty rainfall. Hence the climate is arid and vegetation is scanty. Luni is the only large river. Some streams appear during rainy season. Crescent-shaped dunes are formed around in this area

Question 6.
Discuss the various islands in India?

Answer:

  1. There are 2 groups of islands - Andaman and Nicobar Islands stretched in Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea
  2. In Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Narkondam and Barren islands are volcanic origin
  3. The southernmost tip of India found in Nicobar island called Indira Point which was submerged during the 2004 Tsunami
  4. Lakshadweep Islands are of coral origin
  5. It is famous for great variety of flora and fauna
4 Marks Questions
Question 1.
Classify the Indo - Gangetic plain and explain?

Answer: Classification of the Indo-Gangelic Plains

  1. The Western part
  2. The Central part
  3. The Eastern part
Explanation:

Western part: Formed by the Indus and its tributaries, the Jhelum. the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas and the Sutlej

  1. Major portion of the plain Is located in Pakistan and minor portion In Punjab and Haryana
  2. Doab features dominate the fertile land between the two rivers
Central part:
  1. Known as Ganga Plain
  2. Extends from the rivers Ghaggar lo Teesta
  3. Spread the States of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and parity in Haryana. Jharkhand and West Bengal
  4. River Ganga. Yamuna and their tributaries Sone, Kosi drain
Eastern part:
  1. Exists mostly In the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam
  2. Fomied by the river Brahmaputra
Question 2.
Read the following paragraph and comment on Indian climate and the Himalayas. The formation of the HWnalayas influences the climate in various ways These act as barriers protecting the great plains of India (Toni the cold winds of central Asia during severe winter. The Himalayas are the reason for summer rains and monsoon-type climate In regions that are beyond the Western Ghats of India. In its absence, this region would have remained drier?

Answer: According to the paragraph given, it is clearly understood that the Himalayas are useful to India in many ways. It means that because of the Himalayas only there are fertile soils, sufficient rainfall, and perennial rivers and so it is useful to agriculture which is the backbone of our economy. I agree with this paragraph because every point discussed here is correct. The Himalayas are extending in the north of our country from Jammu Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh for about 2400 kilometers. Automatically they stop the cold winds blowing from central Asia because our cultivable lands are in the south

If the Himalayas were not there, India would become dry land or a desert. In the name of modem life, we are cutting down the trees which lead to low rainfall and polluting river water. In every country there may be a few natural resources which are helpful to the country. The people should utilize the natural resources by keeping the future needs of the next coming generations. Otherwise, the resources will not be accessible for them: Though we have many benefits from the Himalayas, the passes of the Himalayas caused for foreigners to Invade our country and these helped in exchanging business and culture

Question 3.
In what ways Is the Indo-Gengetic plain different from the Peninsular plateau?

Answer:

Indo - Gangetlc plain Peninsular plateau
1) This plain area was formed due to deposition of sediments brought by rivers 1) Plateau region was formed due to volcanic eruption
2) It consists of alluvial soil 2) It is mainly composed of the old crystalline, hard igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks
3) It has fertile alluvial soils and flat surface 3) It has rugged surface
4) It provides much irrigation facilities 4) It also provides much irrigation facilities
5) Plain regions have perennial rivers 5) Plateau region does not have any perennial river
6) Plains are rich in agriculture practice 6) Plateau region is rich in mineral resources
Question 4.
How can you say that India has a long coastal line?

Answer:

  1. The southern part of the peninsular plateau is bordered by narrow coastal strips along the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east
  2. The western plain is uneven and broken by hilly terrain
  3. It is divided into 3 parts. 1) Konkan coast-northern part comprising Maharaslitra and Goa coast
  4. The second is Canara Coast - the middle part includes coastal plain of Karnataka
  5. The last part Is Malabar coast the southern part, mostly in the state of Kerala
  6. Bay of Bengal plains are wide and have large surface structure
  7. It stretches from Mahanadi in Odisha to Cauvery deltas in Tamil Nadu
  8. These coastal plains are known locally by different names as Utkal coast in Odisha, Sircar coast In Andhra Pradesh and Coromandel coast in Tamil Nadu
Question 5.
Describe the various aspects of the peninsular plateau?

Answer:

  1. The Indian Plateau is also known as the peninsular plateau as it is surrounded by the sea on three sides
  2. Large amounts of metallic and non-metallic mineral resources are found here
  3. Its topography is slightly tilted towards east
  4. its two divisions are central islands (Malwa plateau) and the Deccan Plateau
  5. The rivers here are not perennial
  6. The triangular landmass to the south of Narmada ¡s called Deccan Plateau
  7. The structure of Western Ghats is continuous with a few passes as the gateways lo the coastal plains
  8. The Eastern Ghats are not continuous
  9. One of the remarkable features of the peninsular plateau is black soils formed due to volcanic actvity
Question 6.
Write about the Middle or Lower or Himachal Himalayas?

Answer:

  1. The mountain range which runs parallel between the Shiwaliks in the south and the Great Himalaya In north Is classified as the Middle Himalaya, sometimes also called Himachal or Lower Himalaya
  2. It has an intricate system of ranges which are 60-80 km wide having elevations varying from 3,500 to 4.500 mt above sea level
  3. Many peaks are more than 5,050 mt above sea level and are covered with snow throughout the year
  4. Pir Parijal. the Dhaola Dhar, the Mussoorle Range. the Nag Tiba and Mahabharata Lekh are some of the important ranges of the Middle Himalayas
  5. The Pir Panjal, southernmost range of the Middle Himalayas, In the Kashrnlr Is the longest and the most important range
  6. The Mussoorie Range has an average elevation of 2000-2.600 m and runs over a distance of 120 km from Mussoorie to Lansdowne
Question 7.
Write about the Thar desert?

Answer:

  1. The Thar Desert is located on the leeward side of Aravalis and receives very low rainfall, ranging from 100 to 150 mm per year
  2. The desert consists of an undulating sandy plain and rocky outcrops
  3. It occupies much of western Rajasthan
  4. It has an arid climate with very low vegetation cover
  5. Streams appear during rainy season and disappear soon after
  6. Luni is the only river in this area
  7. The internal drainage rivers fall into the lakes and dont reach the sea
  8. Indira Gandhi canal is watering part of Thar desert
  9. Several hectares of desert land have been brought under cultivation
Question 8.
Read the following paragraph and interpret. It is important to note that IS vast diversity In the landforms in which Indian people live. Some areas are irrigated by the mighty rivers flowing from the Himalayas and some by the rain ad rivers from Western ghats and its forests. Many places are located the river valleys and others in the mountains?

Answer: The given paragraph is about diversity In India. There is a lot of vacation with regard to irrigation facilities. Some regions have well-irrigated lands whereas it ¡s not possible in many regions. This variation is because of rivers and mountains. Where rivers are more, projects can be built and stored water is used for cultivation. It is not possible in regions Like Northeast states. Hilly and rocky areas have no such scope though they have good rainfall. Rain shadow regions also have the same experience. These variations reflect the livelihoods also. Coastal people have different livelihoods in corNansofl to the livelihoods of continental areas. The Govt. should consider the rebel features and provide opportunities accordingly. People also should change their conventional activities and adapt according to the needs and conditions

Question 9.
Read the following paragraph and write your opinion on the condition of the area as well as people living there. Desert is located on the leeward side of Aravalis and receives very little rainfall, ranging from 100 to 150 mm per year. The desert consists of an undulating sandy plain and rocky outcrops. It occupies much of western Rajasthan. It has an arid china with very low vegetation cover. Streams appear during rainy season and disappear soon after. Luni is the only river in this area. These internal drainage rivers till into lakes and do not reach the sea?

Answer: This paragraph says that much of western Rajasthan Is sandy and without adequate rainfall. Without sufficient rainfall, we cant expect proper cultivation and production of lamps. Though Rajasthan ranks first in the area it has maximum desert area. According to this paragraph, there are a few streams which can be seen during rainy season. The unfortunate thing of the people living there Is that the area is in the leeward side of the Aravali Mountains

The southwest monsoons remain empty by reaching there. My opinion Is that the people should make a few changes in their livelihoods. They should grow more crops during rainy season. It would be better for them to go for multiple cropping. They grow food crops with the help of Indira Gandhi canal water irrigation. Government should provide their cory oddities at subsidized prices. Along with the Indira Gandhi canal, there should be many more schemes like that till their needs are fulfilled

Question 10.
Read the following paragraph and write your opinion on the geographical location of India. The geographical location of India provides Its vast diverse climatic conditions. This has led to a variety of vegetation and life forms along with advantages for growing many kinds of crops. Its king coast hue and location in the Indian Ocean enable trade routes as well as fishing?

Answer: According to this paragraph, the geographical location of India Is very prosperous. India has ocean water on the three sides where as the high Himalayan Mountains in the north. These Himalayas give birth to various perennial rivers because of glaciers so as to grow more crops and this led to variety of vegetation

In my opinion, there are a few benefits as well as losses to the people living in coastal plains and hilly areas. The coastal people face some drastic situations when there is a tsunami or cydones. The people living in hilly areas face the problem of landslides. Nowadays global warming is increasing, It may lead to submerge of coastal cultivable lands. The people may face many problems. Along with these problems they have the opportunity of maintaining foreign trade with the help of sea routes. Visakhapatnam, Chennai, Mumbai and Cochin are some of the examples for the trade centers of see routes

Question 11.
Observe the table and answer the following questions?
Name of the range Average height Special features
1. The Greater Himalayas 6100 mts Composed of ice and snow cover. Glaciers are found
2. The Middle or Lower or Himachal Himalayas 3500 lo 4500 mts Composed of highly compressed or rocks. Pit panjal. Mahabharata; ranges are there. Famous for hill stations
3. The Shiwaliks 600 to 1500 mts Different names in different regions
Question1.
What are the names of the three Himalayan ranges?

Answer: The three names of the Himalayan ranges are the Greater Himalayas, the Middle or lower or Himachal Himalayas and the Shiwallis

Question2.
Which of the ranges have hill stations?

Answer: The hilt stations are found in the lesser Himalayan ranges

Question3.
Where do we find Dehra Dun and Path Dun?

Answer: We find Dehra Dun and Path Dun in the valleys In between the Lower Himalayas and the Shwahks

Question4.
What is the difference in between ta. ranges of the Greater Himalayas and the Lower Himalayas with regard to the composition?

Answer: The Greater Himalayas are composed of ice and snow cover whereas the Lower Himalayas are composed of highly compressed rocks

Question 12.
Prepare a table showing the particulars of different mountain ranges of the Himalayas?

Answer:

Question 13.
Read the given map and answer the following questions?
Question1. What is the standard meridian in Iixa?

Answer: 82°30 Eastern Longitude is the standard mendian In India

Question2. Name the latitude that moves from the centre of India?

Answer: 23½ northern latitude moves from the centre of India. Ths Is called as Tropic of Cancer

Question3. What is the distance between north and south tip of India?

Answer: The distance between north and south tips is 3214 kms

Question4. Mention the location of India?

Answer: India is located in between the latitudes cf 8° 4 and 37° 6 N and longitudes of 68° 7 and 97° 25 E

Question5. Name any two frontier countries of India?

Answer: Pakistan, China, Bhutan. Myanmar. Bangladesh and Nepal. (Any two can be written)

Question6. Which Islands are located In the southeast corner of India?

Answer: Andaman Nicobar Islands are located in the southeast corner of India

Question 14.
Read the given map and answer the following questions. ?
Question1. Which river flows westwards?

Answer:The river which flows toward is Narmada. (Tapti also)

Question2. Which plateau is there on the leeward side of the Aravali?

Answer: Malwa plateau is there on the leeward side of the Aravali

Question3. Where do the eastern and western Ghats join?

Answer: The eastern and western Ghats join Nilgirts near Gudalur

Question4. Which ocean is located in the south of India?

Answer: The Indian Ocean is located in the south of India

Question5. Which plateau Is there in between Malwa and Chota Nagpur plateaus?

Answer: Central plateau Is there in between Maiwa and Chota Nagpur plateaus

Question 15.
Locate the following In the gIven map of India?
Question1. Locate the Highest plateau in the world?

Answer: Tibet

Question2. Capital of Himachal Pradesh?

Answer: Simla

Question3. Highest peak in India?

Answer: Mt-K2

Question4. Locate the Hills in Arunachal Pradesh?

Answer: Mishmi Hills

Question5. This plateau has rich variety of mineral resources?

Answer: Chotanagpur Plateau

Question6. Triangular plateau?

Answer: Deccan Plateau

Question7. Southernmost tip of India?

Answer: Kanya Kumari

Question8. Mashy Swampy region of Gujarat?

Answer: Rann of Kutch

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