Chapters

Solutions

Sectors of the Indian Economy AP 10th Class Social Economics 2nd Lesson

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket?
  1. Employment in the service sector _____ increased to the same extent as production. (has / has not)
  2. Workers in the _____ sector do not produce goods, (tertiary / agricultural)
  3. Most of the workers in the _____ sector enjoy job security, (organised / unorganised)
  4. A _____ proportion of laboured in India are working in the unorganised sector. (large / small)
  5. Cotton is a _____ product and cloth is a _____ product, (natural / manufactured)
  6. The activities in primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are _____ (independent / interdependent)

Answer:

  1. has not
  2. tertiary
  3. organised
  4. large
  5. natural, manufactured
  6. interdependent
Question 2.
Choose the most appropriate answer?
(a).The sectors are classified into public and private sector on the basis of?
  1. employment conditions
  2. the nature of economic activity
  3. ownership of enterprises
  4. number of workers employed in the enteiprise

Answer: ownership of enterprises

(b) Production of a commodity, mostly through the natural process, is an activity in _____ sector?
  1. primary
  2. secondary
  3. tertiary
  4. information technology

Answer: primary

(c)GDP is the total value of _____ produced during a particular year?
  1. all goods and services
  2. all final goods and services
  3. all intermediate goods and services
  4. all intermediate and final goods and services

Answer: all final goods and services

In terms of GDP the share of tertiary sector in 2013-14 is between _____ percent?
  1. 20 to 30
  2. 30 to 40
  3. 50 to 60
  4. 60 to 70

Answer: 50 to 60

Question 3.
Problems faced by farming sector Some possible measures
1.Unirrigated land a)Setting up agro-based mills
2.Low prices for crops b)Cooperative marketing societies
3.Debt burden c)Procurement of food grains by government
4.No job in the off season d)Construction of canals by the government
5.Compelled to sell their grains to e)Banks to provide credit with low interest the local traders soon after harvest

Answer:

  1. - d
  2. - c
  3. - e
  4. - a
  5. - b
Question 4.
Find the odd one and say why?
  1. Tourist guide, dhobi, tailor, potter
  2. Teacher, doctor, vegetable vendor, lawyer
  3. Postman, cobbler, soldier, police constable
  4. MTNL, Indian Railways, Air India, Jet Airways, All India Radio

Answer: The odd one out in each group is:

  • The odd one out is tourist guide because the other three are involved in traditional occupations that have been around for a long time, while tourist guide is a relatively new profession
  • The odd one out is vegetable vendor because the other three require specialized education and training, while vegetable vendor does not
  • The odd one out is cobbler because the other three are in public sector people, while cobbler is in private sector
  • The odd one out is All India Radio because the other four are involved in transportation, while All India Radio is involved in broadcasting
Question 5.
A research scholar looked at the working people in the city of Surat and found the following?
Place of work Nature of Employment Percentage of working people
In offices and factories registered with the government Organised 15
Own shops, office, clinics in marketplaces with formal licence   15
People working on the street, construction workers, domestic workers   20
Working in small workshops usually not registered with the government    

Answer:Complete the table. What is the percentage of workers in the unorganised sector in this city

Place of work Nature of Employment Percentage of working people
In offices and factories registered with the government Organised 15
Own shops, office, clinics in marketplaces with formal licence Organised 15
People working on the street, construction workers, domestic workers Unorganised 20
Working in small workshops usually not registered with the government Unorganised 50

The percentage of workers in the unorganised sector in this city is 70 %

Question 6.
Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary is useful ? Explain how?

Answer:

  1. Yes, the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors is useful for several reasons
  2. Understanding economic structure: It helps in analysing and understanding the structure of an economy by categorising activities based on their nature of production or service
  3. This classification allows for a comprehensive view of how different sectors contribute to overall economic development and growth
  4. Policy formulation: It assists policymakers in formulating appropriate strategies and policies to promote economic development
  5. By identifying the dominant sectors and their growth patterns, policymakers can target specific areas for investment, job creation, and productivity improvement
  6. Employment planning: The classification helps in planning and managing employment opportunities
  7. It highlights the sectors with the highest workforce concentration, enabling policymakers to focus on addressing issues related to unemployment, skill development, and labour market dynamics. Additionally, it aids in identifying potential areas for job creation and promoting economic inclusivity
Question 7.
For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter why should one focus on employment and GDP ? Could there be other issues which should be examined ? Discuss?

Answer:

  1. One should focus on employment and GDP for each of the sectors discussed in this chapter for the following reasons
  2. Employment : Studying employment in each sector provides crucial information about the job opportunities and the workforce distribution within the economy
  3. It helps in understanding which sectors are creating more jobs and which sectors are facing unemployment or underemployment
  4. This information is essential for policymakers to develop strategies to promote employment growth and ensure a balanced distribution of opportunities across different sectors
  5. GDP: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measurement allows us to analyse the economic performance and growth of. each sector
  6. It indicates the overall production and contribution of each sector to the countrys economy
  7. By examining the changes in the share of sectors in GDP over time, we can identify trends and patterns in economic development, such as the shift from the primary sector to the secondary and tertiary sectors
  8. This information helps policymakers and economists in making informed decisions related to economic policies, investments, and resource allocation
  9. Other Issues: While employment and GDP provide valuable insights, there could be other issues that should be examined as well
  10. For example, factors like income inequality, working conditions, environmental sustainability, and social impact are also significant aspects to consider
  11. These issues reflect the overall well-being and quality of life associated with different sectors and should be evaluated to ensure inclusive and sustainable development
Question 8.
Make a long list of all kinds of work that you find adults around you doing for a living. In what way can you classify them ? Explain your choice?

Answer:

  1. Farmers cultivating crops and raising livestock
  2. Construction workers building houses and roads
  3. Shopkeepers selling goods in marketplaces
  4. Tailors sewing clothes
  5. Doctors treating patients in hospitals
  6. Teachers providing education in schools
  7. Lawyers advocating for clients in court
  8. Postmen delivering mail
  9. Cobblers repairing shoes
  10. Soldiers serving in the military
  11. Police constables maintaining law and order
  12. Workers in offices and factories
  13. Tourist guides providing information to visitors
  14. Dhobis washing clothes
  15. Potters creating pottery
  16. Vegetable vendors selling vegetables
  17. Research scholars analysing data
  18. Daily wage labourers working tmder contractors
  19. Factory workers producing goods in large factories
  20. Handloom weavers weaving textiles in their homes
Question 9.
How is the tertiary sector different from other sectors ? Illustrate with a few examples?

Answer:

  1. The tertiary sector refers to activities that provide support and services to the primary and secondary sectors
  2. It does not involve the production of goods directly, but aids in the production process
  3. Examples of tertiary sector activities include transportation, communication, banking, trade, and services like healthcare and education
  4. The tertiary sector has been growing rapidly in India and has become the largest producing sector in the country
  5. It is driven by the increasing demand for services due to rising income levels and the development of agriculture and industry
  6. Unlike the primary and secondary sectors, which involve the production of goods, the tertiary sector focuses on providing services to meet various needs in society
Question 10.
What do you understand by disguised unemployment ? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas ?

Answer:

  1. Disguised unemployment refers to a situation where individuals are employed but are working less than their potential, resulting in a lack of full utilisation of their skills and capabilities
  2. It is a hidden form of underemployment and is not visible like traditional unemployment
  3. In urban areas, an example of disguised unemployment could be a household where multiple family members are working in low - paying jobs, such as selling goods on the street
  4. Each member may be working, but their Combined efforts exceed the actual demand for their services, resulting in underutilization of their skills
  5. In rural areas, an example of disguised unemployment could be a small farm where more family members work on the land than required for its productivity
  6. If a family needs only two people to work on a two - hectare plot, but five members are employed, then three members are underemployed
  7. Disguised unemployment is economically inefficient as it leads to the wastage of human resources and reduces the overall productivity of the economy
Question 11.
Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment?

Answer:

Basis Open Unemployment Disguised Unemployment
Definition When people are visibly out When people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their potential.
Visibility of work and seek employment. Not easily visible as people seem employed
Example Easily visible as people have no work. A farmer with a small plot employing the entire family when fewer members are needed
Cause Peson who has no job and is actively looking for work Underemployment in agriculture sec
Solution Lack of employment oppor-tunities. Transfer of disguised unemployment to other sectors
Question 12.
"Tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of indian economy." Do you agree ? Give reasons in support of your answer?

Answer:

  1. No, I do not agree that the tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of the Indian economy. Here are the reasons why
  2. Rapid growth: The tertiary sector has experienced the most significant growth among all sectors in India over the past 40 years. It has emerged as the largest producing sector in the country, replacing the primary sector
  3. Basic services: The tertiary sector provides essential services like hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph services, police stations, courts, and municipal corporations
  4. In a developing country, the government takes responsibility for the provision of these services
  5. Indirect growth: The development of agriculture and industry leads to a higher demand for services like transport, trade, and storage, which are part of the tertiary sector
  6. Rising income levels: As income levels rise, the demand for services like eating out, tourism, shopping, private hospitals, private schools, and professional training increases
  7. This change is more noticeable in cities, especially big cities
  8. Employment: The service sector contributes significantly to employment in India
  9. However, it is important to note that not enough jobs have been created in the secondary and tertiary sectors compared to the growth in production
  10. More workers are still employed in the primary sector, mainly agriculture
  11. GDP contribution: The tertiary sector contributes the most to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of India. It accounts for the largest share in GDP, while the primary and secondary sectors contribute less
  12. Services based on technology: Certain new services based on information and communication technology have become important and essential, further contributing to the growth of the tertiary sector
  13. Overall, the tertiary sector plays a crucial role in the development of the Indian economy through its contribution to GDP, employment generation, and the provision of essential services
Question 13.
Service sector in India employs two different kinds of people. Who are these ?

Answer: The service sector in India employs the following twe different kinds of people. They are :

  1. The people involved in the services that may directly help in the production of goods. For example: People involved in the transportation, storage, communication, finance etc
  2. The people involved in such services that may not directly help in the production of goods. For example : Teachers, doctors, barbers, cobblers, lawyers etc. They may be termed as ancillary workers means those who give services to the primary service providers
Question 14.
Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view ?
Give reasons in support of your answer.

Answer: Yes, workers are exploited in the unorganised sector because

  1. There are no fixed numbers of working hours
  2. The workers normally work 10 -12 hours without being paid overtime
  3. They do not get other allowances apart from the daily wages
  4. Government rules and regulations to protect the labourers are not followed in their case
  5. There is no job security for workers because they can be fired from the job at any time
  6. Jobs are low paid the workers in this sector are generally illiterate, ignorant and unorganised. So they are not in a position to bargain or secure good wages
  7. Being very poor they are always heavily in debt. So, they can be easily made to accept lower wages
Question 15.
How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions ?

Answer: The activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions are categorized into two sectors. They are organised and unorganised sectors

  1. Organised Sector : This sector covers those enterprises which are registered by the government and have to follow its rules and regulations. For example : Reliance Industries Ltd, GAIL etc
  2. Unorganised Sector: It includes those small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. Though there are rules and regulations but these are never followed. For example : Casual workers in construction, shops etc
Question 16.
Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised sectors?

Answer: The employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised sectors are vastly different

  1. The organised sector has companies registered with the government and hence it offers job security, pensions, health insurance, provident fund, paid leave, gratuity, fixed working hours and extra pay for overtime work
  2. The organised sector is characterized by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness, medical facilities etc. No job security. People can be asked to leave without any reason
Question 17.
Explain the objective of implenn nting the NREGA 2005?

Answer: The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 was introduced by Government of India. It aimed at ensuring the "right to work". The objective of implementing the NREGA was

  1. To ensure 100 days of employment in a year to all those who are able to and are in need of work in rural areas
  2. If the government fails in its duty to provide employment, it will give unemployment, allowances to the people
  3. The types of work that would help to increase the production from land will be given preference under the Act
Question 18.
Using examples from your area compare and contrast that activities and functions of private and public sectors?

Answer: Public Sector:

  1. The main aim of this sector is public welfare
  2. It is controlled and managed by the government
  3. This sector provides basic facilities like education, health, food and security to the people
  4. There are certain public undertakings like Indian Railways, the Post Office, the BSNL, Indian Oil Corporation, State Bank of India which are located near our area
Private Sector:
  1. The main aim of this sector is to earn profits
  2. It is controlled and managed by an individual or a group of individuals
  3. There are certain private sector undertakings like the Reliance, Tisco, Bajaj Auto, Malls, Showrooms, IT companies etc., which are located near our area
Question 19.
Discuss and fill the following table giving one example each from your area?
  Well-managed organization Badly managed organizat
Public Sector    
Public Sector    

Answer:

  Well-managed organization Badly managed organizat
Public Sector Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Air India
Public Sector Reliance Mobile Satyam
Question 20.
Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up?

Answer:

  1. A few examples of public sector activities are providing health, education facilities, construction of roads, bridges, railways, harbours, electricity, providing irrigation through dams etc. These activities are the primary responsibility of the government
  2. These activities need spending of large sums of money, which is beyond the capacity of the private sector
  3. If these works electricity water etc., left to private sector, the latter might exploit this opportunity and sell these at rates which the masses cannot afford
Question 21.
Explain how public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation?

Answer: The public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation in the following ways:

  1. It promotes rapid economic development through creation and expansion of infrastructure
  2. It creates employment opportunities
  3. It contributes to the Human Development Index via health and educational services
  4. It ensures equality of income, wealth and thus, a balanced regional development
  5. It encourages small and large industries to flourish and provides employment under this section
  6. It generates financial resources for development
Question 22.
The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issues : wages, safety and health. Explain with examples?

Answer: The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on following issues :

  1. Wages : Wages are low and even not regular and there is absence of provision for overtime, paid leave, etc
  2. Safety : Workers working in mines or crackers factory always face the element of risk
  3. Health : Workers are given no medical security and leaves for sickness. For example, there are no health facilities for the construction workers
Question 23.
A study in Ahmedabad found that out of 15,00,000 workers in the city, 11,00,000 worked in the unorganised sector. The total income of the city in this year (1997 1998) was Rs. 60,000 million. Out. of this Rs. 32,000 million was generated in the organised sector. Present this data as a table. What kind of ways should be thought of for generating more employment in the city ?

Answer:

  Organised Sector Unorganised Sector Total
No. of workers 4,00,000 11,00,000 15,00,000
Income (Rs) 32,000 millions 28,000 millions 60,000 millions
  1. Ways to generate more
  2. Employment in the city of Ahmedabad have to be provided by the government, especially in the unorganised sector
  3. As the table shows, the organised sectors earnings are much higher than that of the unorganised sector even though the latter employs almost 80% of the city workers
  4. More companies need to be brought under the roof of the organised sector so that workers from the unorganised sector are attracted to jobs there, with higher and more secure wages
  5. For this, the government must provide loans and aid to companies transferring from unorganised to organised sectors
rganised Unorganised Employment conditions Most people are working in the unorganised sector where protection is necessary for them Exploitation in the unor-ganised sector. This can be tackled by govt protection
 

Important Question

Sectors of the Indian Economy AP 10th Class Social Economics 2nd Lesson Important Questions

AP 10th Class Social Economics 2nd Lesson Important Questions: 8 Marks

Question 1.
Why are service conditions of formal sector loans better than informal sector?

Answer: Formal sector

  • It consists of banks and cooperatives, thus every clause is in writing and dear to comprehend
  • It is supervised by the RBI
  • Collateral is required but this sector is less risky
  • It provides loans comparatively at lower rates
Informal sector:
  • The lenders are mainly money lenders, friends, relatives, traders and landowners etc
  • No external organisation supervises this sector
  • Collateral is not required, thus it involves high risk
  • This sector charges higher interest rates, which could lead to a debt trap
Question 2. Distinguish the service conditions of organized sector with that of unorganized sector?

Answer: Major differences between both such units are as follows

Units of organised sector Units of morganised sector
1) These sectors are registered by the government and have to follow its rules and regulations These sectors cover small and scattered units which are out of governments control
2) Workers are covered bysecurity of employment Low paid jobs and often not regular. Employment is not secured.
3) Workers are expected to work only for a fixed numbers of hours, if they work more, then they get overtime payment There are no provisions of overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness, etc
4) The factories follow Govt. rules suchas Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act, Payment of Gratuity Act etc They do not follow government rules. When there is less work, due to season or other reasons some people may be asked to leave without salary or payment
Question 3.
Examine how Public Sector contributes in the economic development of the nation?

Answer: The public sector contributes in the economic development of the nation in the following ways

  1. The public sector plays an important role in contributing to the Human Development Index through its functioning in health and education services
  2. It encourages the development of small medium and cottage industries
  3. It ensures easy availability of goods at reasonable rates
  4. It promotes fast economic development through infrastructure creation and generates financial resources for further development
  5. It creates employment opportunities
  6. It ensures equality of income and wealth and, thus, balanced regional development
Question 4.
Compare the economic activities of the private sector with that of the public sectors?

Answer:

Private Sector Public Sector
1. Ther main motive is to earn profit The main motive is public welfare
2. The ownership of assets and delivery of services is in the hands of private individual The government owns most of the assets and provides all services.
3. The motive is to earn profit due to which it does not invest funds to construct infrastructures for public utility/facility Due to motives of public welfare, it invests funds to construct infrastructures for public utility/facility, like construction of roads, bridges, etc
4. It collects money for the services they provide It raises money for various activities through taxes.
5. Here, the capital comes from the profits of business operations Here, the capital comes from the collection of tax, excise, and other duties, bonds, treasury bills, etc
6. Exam pies :/Tata Iron and Steel Company Ltd. (TIS-CO) Examples: Railways, post office, etc
Question 5.
What is the difference between organised and unorganised sectors?

Answer:

Feature Organized Sector Unorganized sector
Scale of Units Large-scale Small-scale
Management structure Clear and formal Informal or absent
Legal recognition Legally recognized Often operates outside the formal economy
Government regulations Follows government regulations Limited or no government regulations
job security High job security Low job security
Wages Regular and relatively high wages Low and irregular wages
Benefits Provides benefits such as health insurance and retirement plans No benefits of limited benefit
Examples Multinational companies, government departments Street vendors, casual aborers, selfemployed individuals
Question 6.
What problems can arise due to changes in the roles of sectors?

Answer: Problems arising due to changes in the roles of sectors

  1. Unemployment: As sectors evolve and the economy undergoes structural changes, workers in declining sectors mayi&ce unemployment or job insecurity
  2. Inequitable growth: If the growth is concentrated in certain sectors, it can lead to income inequality and disparities in wealth distribution
  3. Exploitation: In the unorganised sector, workers may face exploitation due to low wages, lack of job security, and absence of regulations and benefits
  4. Skill mismatch: Rapid changes in the roles of sectors may lead to a mismatch between the skills possessed by workers and the skills demanded by the evolving sectors, resulting in a skills gap.
  5. Social and environmental Impact: Changes in the roles of sectors can have social and environmental consequences, such as displacement of communities, degradation of natural resources, and pollution
Question 7.
What are the different sectors of the Indian economy?

Answer: The different sectors of the Indian economy are classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors

  1. The primary sector includes activities that directly use natural resources, such as ariculture, dairy, fishing, and forestry
  2. The secondary sector consists of activities that transform natural products into other forms through manufacturing processes, such as factories and workshops
  3. The tertiary sector includes services required by society, such as hospitals, education, transportation, banking, and tourism
  4. The sectors can also be classified as organised or unorganised, public or private
  5. The service sector has experienced rapid growth and has become an important part of the Indian economy
  6. The roles/of the sectors can change over time, leading to challenges such as unemployment
  7. The government plays a role in supporting certain sectors and providing essential services
  8. Activities can be classified based on their sector, organisation, and ownership
  9. The size of the economy is measured by the gross domestic product (GDP)
  10. GDP measures the total value of goods and services produced in the country
Question 8.
What issues need to be addressed to protect workers in the unorganised sector?
Provide examples?

Answer: Issues to be addressed to protect workers in the unorganised sector

  1. Wages: Ensuring fair and regular payment of wages to unorganised sector workers
  2. Safety and Health: Implementing safety measures and providing healthcare facilities for workers in the unorganised sector
  3. Job Security: Providing secure employment opportunities and preventing arbitrary termination
  4. Social Security: Providing access to social security benefits such as pension, healthcares and maternity benefits
  5. Skill Development: Offering skill development and training programs to enhance the capabilities and employability of unorganised sector workers
  6. Regulation and Enforcement: Strengthening labour laws and regulations to protect the rights and interests of workers in the unorganised sector
  7. Example: Implementing regulations that ensure minimum wage standards, regular inspections to enforce safety regulations, establishing social security schemes for unorganised sector workers
Question 9.
How can the income and employment generation be improved in a city?
Provide examples?

Answer: Increasing income and employment generation in a city

  1. Economic Diversification: Encouraging the growth of various industries and sectors to create a range of employment opportunities
  2. Entrepreneurship Support: Providing support and incentives for entrepreneurial ventures to promote job creation
  3. Infrastructure Development: Investing in infrastructure projects that can attract industries and businesses, leading to increased employment
  4. Skill Development: Offering training programs and vocational courses to equip individuals with the skills required by industries and job markets
  5. Small and Medium Enteiprises (SME) Promotion: Supporting the growth of SMEs, which can contribute significantly to employment generation
  6. Tourism Development: Developing tourism infrastructure and promoting tourism- related activities to create employment opportunities in the hospitality sector
  7. Example: Setting up industrial parks and providing infrastructure facilities for businesses, offering tax breaks and subsidies for startups, establishing skill development centers, promoting local handicrafts and tourism in the city
Question 10.
How can industries and services be promoted in semi-rural areas to generate employment?
Provide examples?

Answer: Industries and services can be promoted in semi-rural areas to generate employment through Various measures

  1. Setting up processing units for agricultural products like dal mills, cold storage facilities, and vegetable processing industries
  2. Establishing industries related to forest produce, such as honey collection centres
  3. Encouraging the cultivation of high-value crops that can generate employment opportunities in semi-rural areas
  4. Providing loans and financial assistance to individuals or groups interested in starting small-scale industries in these areas
  5. Developing infrastructure and connectivity in these areas to attract industries and services
  6. Collaborating with private companies to establish manufacturing units or service centres in semi-rural areas
Question 11.
What are the problems faced by the farming sector in India and what measures can be taken to address them?

Answer: The problems faced by the farming sector in India include:

  1. Unirrigated land
  2. Low prices for crops
  3. Debt burden
  4. Lack of job opportunities in the off-season
  5. Compelled to sell grains to local traders immediately after harvest
Measures that can be taken to address these problems include:
  1. Setting up agro-based mills to provide better marketing facilities
  2. Establishing cooperative marketing societies to help farmers get fair prices for their crops
  3. Construction of canals by the government to address the issue of unirrigated land
  4. Procurement of food grains by the government to guarantee a minimum support price for farmers
  5. Providing credit with low interest rates through banks to relieve farmers of debt burden
Question 12.
What Is the difference between open unemployment and disguised unemployment?

Answer: Open unemployment:

  1. Refers to individuals who are willing and able to work but are unable to find employment."
  2. These individuals are actively seeking work but are unable to secure it
  3. Often results in individuals being without any source of income
Disguised unemployment:
  1. Refers to a situation where more people are employed in a sector than required for its optimal functioning
  2. These individuals are engaged in work that does not fully utilise their skills or capabilities
  3. Often seen in the agricultural sector, where multiple members of a family are engaged in farming, but the productivity remains the same even if fewer people are employed
Question 13.
How does the tertiary sector differ front other sectors?
Provide examples?

Answer: The tertiary sector differs from other sectors in the following ways:

  1. It does not involve the production of goods but mainly offers services to individuals and businesses
  2. It includes activities such as healthcare, education, transportation, banking, tourism, and entertainment
  3. It focuses on meeting the needs and demands of people as their income levels rise
Examples of the tertiary sector include:
  1. Hospitals providing healthcare services
  2. Schools arid universities providing education
  3. Banks offering financial services
  4. Restaurants and hotels providing hospitality services
  5. Transportation services such as airlines, taxis, and buses
  6. IT companies offering software development and other technology - related services
Question 14.
What are the problems caused by changes in the roles of sectors?
Provide examples.

Answer: Problems caused by changes in the roles of sectors include:

  1. Unemployment:As sectors change, job opportunities may decrease in some sectors while increasing in others, leading to unemployment in those affected sectors
  2. Skills mismatch If workers do not have the necessary skills for new roles in changing sectors, they may face difficulties finding employment and adapting to new job requirements
  3. Income inequality:Changes in roles can result in some sectors experiencing higher income growth and better working conditions, leading to income disparities among different sectors and individuals
  4. Disruption of local economies In areas heavily reliant on one sector, changes in the roles of sectors can lead to economic disruptions, affecting the livelihoods and well - being of local communities
Examples;
  • Unemployment : The decline of traditional manufacturing industries may result in job losses and unemployment in those sectors
  • Skills mismatch: The rapid growth of the technology sector may require workers with specialised technical skills, leading to a gap in the labour market for workers without these skills
  • Income inequality: The service sector may experience higher income growth compared to the agricultural sector, resulting in income disparities between workers in these sectors
  • Disruption of local economies: The closure of a major mine in a minig - dependent tbwn can ldad to economic hardships and outmigration as job opportunities decline
Question 15.
Can you provide examples of activities that fail under the tertiary.sector?

Answer: Examples of activities that fall under the tertiary sector include

  1. Transportation services (e.g., trucking, railways, airlines)
  2. Retail and wholesale trade
  3. Banking and financial services
  4. Communication services (e.g., telephone, internet, postal services)
  5. Healthcare services (e.g., hospitals, clinics)
  6. Education services (e.g., schools, colleges, universities)
  7. Tourism and hospitality services (e.g., hotels, restaurants, travel agencies)
  8. Entertainment services (e.g., movie theatres, amusement parks)
  9. Professional services (e.g., lawyers, accountants, consultants)
  10. Government services (e.g., police, courts, administrative offices)

AP 10th Class Social Economics 2nd Lesson Important Questions: 4 Marks

Question 1.
Why is Tertiary Sector becoming important in india?

Answer: The tertiary sector is increasingly important to the Indian economy. The following are the causes

  • The growth of agriculture and industry has increased demand for services including transportation, trading, and storage
  • In a developing nation like India, basic services like education, healthcare, banking, postal service, police stations, and courts are necessary and are largely provided by the government
  • People begin to demand additional services as their income levels rise, including dining out, travel, private hospitals, private schools, professional training, etc
Question 2.
Differentiate between secondary and tertiary sectors with examples?

Answer: Secondary Sector

  1. It is known as manufacturing sector as natural products are converted into more useful goods
  2. It is organised, gives a employment to of lot a people. Use latest machines and technology
Tertiary Sector
  1. Also known as service sector, provides various service like banking, transport, etc
  2. Its employment share and importance has increased in recent years. Both the sectors contribute in the development of economy along-with the primary sector
Question 3.
Tertiary sector is different from other sectors. Justify the statement with suitable arguments?

Answer:

  1. Tertiary sector is basic service sector whereas primary and secondary are the sectors that produce goods
  2. Tertiary sector support and help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors
  3. Tertiary activities are an assistance for the production process
  4. Tertiary sector provides services like transport, banking, communication, etc
  5. It generates more employment than other sectors, vi. Any other relevant point
Question 4.
Why is the tertiary sector becoming more important in India?

Answer: The tertiary sector becoming more important in India because

  • The development of primary and secondary sectors increases the demand for services such as transport, trade, storage
  • Demand for tourism, shopping, private schools, private hospitals, etc. increases with the increase in the level of income
  • Liberalisation of financial sector provided an environment for faster growth of financial services
  • Basic services like healthcare, education, banking, postal service, police stations and courts are required in a developing country like India, which are mostly taken care of by the government
Question 5.
Tertiary sector activities help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors." Evaluate the statement?

Answer: Tertiary sector activities help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors" because of following reasons

  1. Tertiary sector activities, do not produce any good but they aye an aid or support for the primary and secondary sectors production process
  2. Tertiary sector comprises of services such as hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph services, police stations, courts, defence, transports, banks, etc. All these are required as

    Answer: basic service that helps the primary and secondary sectors

  3. Sometimes, it becomes necessary to store goods in godowns, communicate, and borrow money from banks. Hence, tertiary activities like storage, communication, and banking facilities help in these processes
  4. New services such as those based on information and communication technology have become important and essential
Question 6.
Primary sector was the most important sector of economic activity at initial stages of development." Evaluate the statement?

Answer: Primary sector was the most important sector of economic activity at initial stages of development." because of

  • The primary sector was the most important sector as the methods of farming changed and agriculture sector began to prosper, it started producing much more food than before and most people were also employed in this sector
  • This sector is still the largest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic development of the country
  • The well being of the secondary sector depend on the on the primary sector. This sector generally takes the output of primary sector as raw material to manufacture finished goods
  • Flourishing primary sector help in the development of strong secondary and tertiary sectors
Question 7.
Why is the tertiary sector, becoming important in India?
Explain any three reasons?

Answer:

  • As income rises, certain sections of people start demanding more services like tourism, shopping, hospitals, schools etc. This helps in increasing the GDP of the country
  • Certain new services such as Information and communication technology have become essential in India
  • This sector offers employment for poor and unskilled workers
  • it determines the national income and per capita income
  • If helps in the development of agriculture and other industries such as transport, .storage, and trade
  • It flourishes in tourism, retail, schools, and private hospitals
Question 8.
Explain with examples the interdependence of agriculture and industries?

Answer: Agriculture and industries are interdependent on each other in the following ways

  • Industries obtain raw material such as jute sugar etc., from agriculture and produce finished products
  • Manufacturing industries, which are involved in the production of tools and equipments, have helped in modernizing agriculture
  • Developments and competitiveness of the manufacturing industries have assisted agriculturists in increasing their productions and made the production processes very efficient
Question 9.
Classify the economic sectors on the basis of nature of activities. Mention the main feature of each?

Answer:

  1. Primary sector: It forms the base for all other goods that we subsequently make. Since most of the natural products we get, are from agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry, this sector is also called sector for agriculture and related activities
  2. Secondary Sector: It is also called the industrial sector. It covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through various ways of manufacturing. It can take place in a factory, workshop or at home. For Example: Making sugar from sugar-cane
  3. Tertiary sector It is also called the service sector. This sector produces services that act as aid and support to the primary and secondary sectors. Services like police, transport, hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph, courts, storage, trade and communication and banking are some of the examples of activities of the tertiary sector
Question 10.
"Agriculture gives boost to the industrial sector. Justify the statement with any three relevant points?

Answer:

  • Agriculture depends on industries for irrigation pumps, machines, and tools, thus providing industries to set up production units
  • Agriculture allows industries to make production processes efficient
  • Agriculture provides raw materials for agro-based industries
  • Agriculture provides a market for industrial products
  • Industries based on agricultural raw materials include those that produce cotton, jute, silk, wbollen fabrics, sugar, edible oil, etc
Question 11.
Compare Tables "A" & "B" and answer the
Question given below?
Table- A- Share of Sectors in GDP in %
Year Tertiary Secondary Primary
1973 50 10 40
2013 68 21 11
Table- B - Share of sectors in employment in %
Year Tertiary Secondary Primary
1977-78 18 11 71
2017-18 31 25 44

A remarkable feet about India is that while there has been a change in the share of the three sectors in GDP, a similar shift has not taken place in employment, Why didnt a .similar shift put of ..primary sector happen .in case of employment? Substantiate your answer Tertiary sector activities help in the development of Primary and Secondary sectors. Substantiate your answer

Answer:

  • More than half of the workers in. the country are working in the Primary sector, mainly in agriculture,which produces only a quarter of GDR In contrast to this, the secondary and Tertiary sectors produced three fourths of the produce, though they employed less than half of the people
  • The primary sector does not create enough jobs, so it employs most workers, causing gross underemployment due to overcrowding
  • in the sector
  • Individuals lack the required-secondary and tertiary sector knowledge and credentials
  • In comparison to the other two sectors, the primary sector requires less technical expertise and education
  • The majority of unemployed individuals engage in activities in their primary industry to generate some revenue for their lives
Question 12.
A worker in an urban area, who was working in a small factory, was not paid his wages property, he was forced to work extra hours under poor working conditions, there was no job security, recently he lost his job and was found selling electrical items in a pushcart. (Or) Analyze the role of the government in protecting the workers working in an Unorganized sector?

Answer:

  • Set minimum wages: It helps to ensure that everyone gets a fair and equal share of progresss benefits, as well as a minimum living wage for those who work and need it
  • Set of working hours and overtime rules : The government fixed the working hours of workers to eliminate exploitation. If a person works more than 9 hours per day or 48 hours per week, he or she is entitled to get more than his or her fixed salary
  • Availability of low-cost, low-interest loans : Low- interest loans to workers can assist them in starting a small business. By giving such loans, people can start their businesses and also employ people, which can reduce unemployment
Question 13.
Mr Pawan, a village head wanted to create more job opportunities to increase the income of the people of his village under MNREGA act, Suggest any three activities, so that Mr Pawan could initiate in his village?

Answer: Diversifying agriculture and adopting horticulture, animal rearing, organic farming, and pisciculture besides farming

  • Provide loans to farmers at cheaper rates and from formal sources of credit through government schemes
  • The creation of basic infrastructure facilities such as roads, transportation, markets, and banking
  • The establishment and promotion of cottage and small- scale industries
  • Deepening education and health services in rural belts
Question 14.
Describe the impact of flexibility in the labour laws on the workers in India?

Answer:

  • Workplace flexibility has a negative impact on workers. It helps companies to attract foreign investments
  • Instead of hiring workers on a regular basis, companies hire workers flexibly for short periods when there is intense pressure on work. This is done to reduce the cost of labour for the cdmpany
  • During peak seasons, workers are made to work long hours and on night shifts, mey are also not given fair wages. This forces them to lead a very hard and highly
Question 15.
Examine the benefits that are enjoyed by the people working in the organized sector?

Answer: The organised sector covers those enterprises that are registered by the government and follow the rules and regulations uf the Factory Act, Minimum Wages Act, Payment of Gratuity Act, etc. The benefits are

  • The organised sector offers its employees job security. They are typically employed on a permanent basis, and are entitled to various benefits, such as notice periods, etc., in the event of termination
  • They only need to work a specific number of hours and are entitled to paid leave, including sick leave, annual leave, and maternity leave
  • This sector also provides training and development opportunities for its employees to enhance their skills and knowledge
  • They receive overtime pay, money for holidays, provident fund contributions, gratuities, etc
Question 16.
Why is organised sector preferred by the employees?

Answer: The organised sector preferred by the employees because

  • It covers those enterprises or places of work where the terms of employment are regular
  • It provides job security for all employees and a certain amount of money is kept apart from the salary every year to pay the lump-sum amount to the employees after retirement
  • They follow its rules and regulations which are given in various laws such as the Factories Act, the Minimum Wages Act, the Payment of Gratuity Act, Shops Act, etc
Question 17.
Describe the bad effects of informal sources of credit on borrowers?

Answer: The bad effects of informal sources of credit are

  • They are not subordinate to any government organisation like RBI, thus there is no official backing or monitoring agency
  • There is absence of a fixed interest rate which increases the scope of exploitation
  • Higher interest rates, with no official records, often lead to debt traps
  • It increases the probability of scope of using unfair means to get back their payment
Question 18.
Suggest any three measures through which underemployment in agriculture sector can be minimised?

Answer:

  1. Underemployment occurs when people are working less than what they are capable of. It can be minimized by some members of family can be employed in jobs set up by the government. E.g: MGNREGA coops provides 100 days wage employment too
  2. Small scale industries can be set up in semirural areas. Cold storages honey collection centres and industries proceeing vegetables can be set up
  3. Even if some people move out of the land. Production will not be affeated. Thus, some money of the famijy can take a loan from cooperative societies and buy land and can start cottivation there. These family members can take help from their relatives as and when needed
  4. Thus, all the members in the family will be fully employed and the family income can increase. Labour effort will not be divided
Question 19.
Explain the problem of under employment in the service sector in urban areas with examples?

Answer:

  • There are thousands of casual workers in the service sector who search for daily employment. For example: petty workers, painters, street vendors, rickshaw pullers, etc
  • Many workers do not find work every day. While many, like street vendors, spend the whole"day working but earn very little
  • Workers do not have better work opportunities
  • Reduction of import duties on agricultural products
  • Farmers are withdrawing their investments from agriculture causing a downfall in the employment in agricultural and results into disguised unemployment
Question 20.
Describe the conditions or aspects that you would^consider before accepting a job?

Answer:

  • Facilities for families, working conditions or opportunity to learn
  • Job may give less wages but may offer regular employment that enhances sense of security. Another job however, may offer high wages but no job security and also leave no perspnal time
  • The terms of employment are as per government rules and regulations
  • Several other benefits like paid leave, provident fund, gratuity, etc., are available or not
  • Provisions for medical benefits and safe working environment. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs
Question 21.
Explain the features of the Tertiary sector?

Answer: Tertiary sectors also known as service sectors. The main features of tertiary sectors are

  • It involves activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sector
  • It does not produce any kind of goods but they aid and support in the production process
  • It Tertiary sector helps to transport goods, produced in primary or secondary sector or arrange for wholesale and retail sale
  • Helps in providing banking service
  • These activities generate service other than goods, it is called service sector. It also includes teachers, doctors and other professionals who are not connected with production of goods
Question 22.
Read the given extracts and answer the following
Questions?
Will Thome is one of those mho went in search of seasonal work, loading bricks am(doing ocldjobs. He describes how job-seekers walked to London in search of work: I had always wanted to go to London, and my desire. was stimulated by letters from an old workmate . who was now working at the Old Kent Road Gas Works . I finally decided to go . in November, 1881. With two friends I started out to walk the journey, filled with the hope that we would be able to obtain employment, when we get there, with the kind assistance of my friend. we had little money when we started, not enough to pay for our food and lodgings each night until we arrived in London. Some days we walked as much as twenty miles, and other days less. Our money was gone at the end of the third day. For Wo nights we Slept out - once under a haystack, and once in an old farm shed
  1. Analyse tlie imym fact nr which led London become an attractive place for the job seekers
  2. Analyse the reason tor the appointment of Will Thorne by the Old Kent Gas works
  3. Examine the preference of hand labour over machines by the industrialists of the Victorian Britain

Answer:

  1. Due to the industrial revolution and availability of job opportunities in factories of London
  2. Gas work was the seasonal industry and they, were in need to low wage workers
  3. Machines needed huge capital investments
  4. Machines were costly, ineffective, difficult to repair
  5. Labour was available at low wages
  6. In seasoned industries only seasonal labour was required
  7. Any other relevant point
Question 23.
"The declining share of agriculture in the Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P) is a matter of serious concern in India". Support the statement with reasons?

Answer: The declining share of agriculture in the gross domestic product (G.D.P.) is a matter of serious concern in India. Following are some reasons:

  • Government is reducing investment in agricultural sectors, especially in the irrigation sector
  • Subsidy on fertilizers has decreased, leading to a rise in cost of production
  • Farmers are facing challenge from international competition
Question 24.
What are the different sectors of the Indian economy?

Answer:

  • The primary sector includes activities related to the extraction of natural resources, such as farming, fishing, and mining
  • The secondary sector involves manufacturing and industrial activities, including prdeessing raw materials into finished goods
  • The tertiary sector comprises services provided to individuals or businesses, such as banking, healthcare, and tourism
  • The quaternary-and quinary sectors, which are not explicitly mentioned in the document/represent knowledge-based and high-level services, respectively
Question 25.
What are some examples of public sector activities in India?

Answer:

  • Railways : The government-owned railway system that provides transportation services to the public
  • Post office : Government-operated postal service for sending letters and parcels
  • Electricity generation : The government establishes power plants and supplies electricity to industries and households
  • Public healthcare : Government-run hospitals and healthcare centres that provide medical services to the public
  • Public education : Government junded schools and collegs that offer education to students
Question 26.
What are the differences between the public and private sectors?
Sector Ownership Examples
Public Government Government schools, public healthcare facilities, state- owned enterprises
Private Individuals or non-government entities private shcools, private hospitals, privately-owned business
Question 27.
How Is the gross domestic product (GDP) of a country measured?

Answer:

  1. GDP is the total value of all final goods and services produced within a countrys borders during a specific period
  2. It is measured by adding up the value of consumption (C), investment (I), government expenditure (G), and net exports (X-M), represented by the equation GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)
  3. GDP can be calculated using various approaches, including the expenditure approach, the income approach, and the production approach
  4. GDP is an indicator of the size and growth rate of the economy, reflecting its overall economic performance
Question 28.
What are the different classifications of economic activities in terms of public and private sectors?

Answer:

  1. Public sector : In the public sector, the government owns the assets and is responsible for providing services
  2. Activities in this sector are not driven solely by profit motives
  3. Examples include government departments, public hospitals, and the railway system
  4. Private Sector : In the private sector, individuals or companies own assets and provide services. Profit-making is the primary goal in this sector
  5. Examples include private companies like Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited and Reliance Industries Limited
Question 29.
How does the service sector contribute to Indias economy?

Answer: The service sector contributes significantly to Indias economy

  1. The service sector includes various industries like IT services, tourism, healthcare, education, banking, and transportation
  2. It accounts for a major share of Indias GDP, which refers to the total value of goods and services produced in a country during a specific period
  3. The service sector also provides a large number of employment opportunities, both formal and informal, contributing to economic growth and development
  4. With the growth of the service sector, there has been a shift in the employment pattern, with more people working in this sector compared to agriculture and manufacturing
Question 30.
How can economic sectors affect employment conditions?

Answer: The primary sector (agriculture, mining, etc.) provides employment for a large number of people, but its share in employment decreases as the economy develops

  1. The secondary sector (manufacturing, construction, etc.) creates job oppor-tunities as industries grow
  2. The tertiary sector (services, trade, etc.) has seen rapid growth and now plays a significant role in employment
  3. The unorganised sector often employs workers in low-paying and informal jobs, leading to exploitation
  4. The governments policies and initiatives affect employment conditions in both organised and unorganised sectors
Question 31.
Are workers exploited in the unorganised sector?
Provide reasons to support your answer?

Answer: Workers are exploited in the unorgahised sector for several reasons:

  1. Jobs in the unorganised sector often pay low salaries, which do not provide a fair wage for the workers
  2. Workers in the unorganised sector do not have job security and can be asked to leave without any reason
  3. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, or leave due to sickness in the unorganised sector
  4. Employers in the unorganised sector may refuse to follow laws that protect the rights of workers.
  5. Workers in the unorganised sector often face social discrimination, especially those from Scheduled Castes, Tribes, and backward communities

AP 10th Class Social Economics 2nd Lesson Important Questions: 2 Marks

Question 1.
"Agriculture and industry move hand in hand." Support the statement with examples?

Answer:

  • Agriculture receives many materials for farming from industries like fertilisers, pesticides, machines, etc
  • The use of machines like tractors, harvesters, and threshers can change the pattern of agriculture
  • The raw materials obtained as agricultural produce are processed in industries to obtain the finished goods
Question 2.
Disonguish between Primary and Secondary Sector?

Answer: Primary Sector: It covers those activities that involve production of goods directly using natural resources. E.g. Agriculture, fishing etc. Secondary Sector: It covers those activities in which natural products, are changed into other forms, through manufacturing. This is the next step after primary activity. E.g. Textile, Automobile etc. Industries

Question 3.
What do final goods and services mean?

Answer: The various production activities in the primary, secondary and tertiary sector produce large number of goods and services for consumption and investment are final goods and services. Why do people prefer to work in the organised sector? Explain any three reasons

  • The workers enjoy security of employment and are expected to work only a fixed number of hours
  • They get medical benefits and also enjoy facilities like a safe working environment, clean drinking water, etc
  • They get several benefits like paid leave, payment during holidays, the Provident Fhhd, gratuities, a pension on retirement, etc
Question 5.
Krishha is working in a neighboring field with very less wages. Expenses on sudden illnesses or functions in the family are also met through loans. The landowner charges an interest rate of 5 percent per month. At present she owes the landowner Rs.5,000. Analyse the credit arrangements given above?

Answer: Credit arrangments: Rate of interest per month is five percent

Rate of Interest Five percent per month
Present amount to be repaid ? 5000
Purpose of availing loan Expenses on sudden illnesses on even functions in the family.
Question 6.
What may be a goal of landless rural labourers regarding their income?

Answer: Goals of a landless rural labourer are

  • Better wages.
  • More days of work
  • Quality education from their children
Question 7.
How is Public sector different from Private sector?
GDP can be calculated by adding up all of the money spent by consumers, businesses, and the government in a given period?

Answer: Public Sector: Public sector organisations are owned, controlled and managed by the government or other state-run bodies. Private Sector: Private sector organisations are ojvned, controlled and managed by individuals, groups or business entities.

Question 8.
Why is there a need to protect workers in the Unorganized Sector?
Explain.

Answer: As this sector is not under government supervision, the employees or labourers are at the mercy of their employers, who mistreat them with less pay and overwork

  • Jobs are usually irregular and poorly paid. Longer hours are required of employees without overtime pay
  • They are neither given paid leaves nor any medical benefits. There is no job security, and the employer can ask an employee to leave in the case of a lean season
Question 9.
Examine the rising importance of the tertiary sector in India?

Answer: In the past 100 years there has been shift to tertiary sector in India from primary and secondary sectors because of the following reasons

  1. Rise in the income level and more demand for services like hotels, tourism, shopping malls etc
  2. Coming of I.T sector
  3. Need for hospitals/banks, schools etc
  4. More development in agriculture, transportation, is storage, etc. in demand
Question 10.
How can a persons economic activity be classified into sectors?

Answer: A personss economics activity can be classified as

  • Primary, secondary and tertiary sectors.
  • Organised sector and unorganised sector
  • public sector and private sector

These classifcation depending on the nature of their work and the sector they are engaged in

Question 11.
What is the significance of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

Answer:

  • Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the size of the economy
  • It represents the total value of all goods and services produced in a country within a specific time period
Questio 12.
How can the government resolve problems arising from changing roles of sectors?

Answer:

  • The government can take steps such as implementing employment schemes, providing training and Skill development programs
  • Creating favourable policies to address problems like unemployment caused by changing roles of sectors
Question 13.
How does the public sector contribute to the economic development of a nation?

Answer: The public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation by providing essential services like healthcare, education, infrastructure development, and creating employment opportunities

Question 14.
How can income and employment increase in the farming sector?

Answer: Income and employment in the farming sector can increase by providing irrigation facilities, setting up agro-based mills, establishing cooperative marketing societies, and offering low-interest credit from banks

Question 15.
What is MGNREGA 2005 and why is it called the Right to Work?

Answer: MGNREGA 2005 guarantees 100 days of employment in rural areas to those in need. It is called the Right to Work because it ensures that people have the right to employment, and if the government fails to provide it, they receive unemployment allowances

Question 16.
How can sectors be dependent on each other?

Answer:

  • Sectors can be dependent on each other when the output of one sector becomes the input of another
  • For example, the agricultural sector provides raw materials to the manufacturing sector, which then produces goods for the service sector
Question 17.
What are some measures the government can take to increase employment in urban areas?

Answer: The government can increase employment in urban areas by promoting industries and services in semi-rural areas, providing necessary infrastructure, and supporting entrepreneurship and small businesses

Question 18.
How does the percentage of people in the unorganised sector vary between urban and rural areas?

Answer:

  1. The percentage of people in the unorganised sector in urban and rural areas may vary
  2. However, the document does not provide specific information on the exact difference in percentages between urban and rural areas
Question 19.
How are economic activities classified based on employment conditions?

Answer: Economic activities are classified as either organised or unorganised sectors based on the presence of rules and regulations for employment

  1. The organised sector includes activities with formal employment contracts, fixed working hours, and benefits like provident fund and medical allowances
  2. The unorganised sector involves activities with flexible working conditions, no formal employment contracts, and absence of benefits
Question 20.
What are the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors?

Answer: The primary sector refers to activities related to the extraction and production of natural resources, such as agriculture, mining, and fishing

  1. The secondary sector involves activities that transform raw materials into finished products, such as manufacturing and construction
  2. The tertiary sector comprises services that provide support and meet the needs of individuals and businesses, such as transportation, banking, education, and healthcare
Question 21.
How can the government resolve unemployment issues?

Answer: Implement programs like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (MGNREGA 2005) to guarantee 100 days of employment in rural areas

  1. Provide unemployment allowances if the government fails to provide employment
  2. Focus on creating more job opportunities in both rural and urban areas
Question 22.
What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and how is it measured?

Answer: GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country over a specific period

  1. It is measured by adding up the value of all goods and Services produced in each sector of the economy
  2. The method of value added at each stage is used to calculate the total value of a good or service
Question 23.
What is the objective of implementing the NREGA 2005?

Answer: The objective of implementing the NREGA 2005 (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural " Employment Guarantee Act 2005) is as follows

  1. To provide 100 days of guaranteed employment in a year to those who are able to work and in need of work in rural areas
  2. If the government fails to provide employment, it will give unemployment allowances to the people
  3. To prioritise types of work that would help increase production from land
Question 24.
How do public and private sectors differ in their activities and functions?

Answer: Public sector: Government-owned and provides services for the welfare of the society

  1. It focuses on providing essential goods and services that the private sector may not provide at a reasonable cost
  2. Private sector: Owned by individuals or companies and operates with the motive of earning profits
  3. It involves activities such as manufacturing, trading, and providing services
Question 25.
What is the purpose of classifying economic activities to primary, secondary and tertiary sector?

Answer:

  1. To determine the contribution of each sector to GDP
  2. To identify the employment conditions in each sector
  3. To understand the role of each sector in economic development

AP 10th Class Social Economics 2nd Lesson Important Questions: 1 Mark

Question 1.
Study the data given below in the table and answer the .
Question by selecting the correct option. (D) Which is the most important sector that provides maximum jobs to the people?
Table Workers in different sectors (in millions)
Sector Organized Unorganized Total
Primary 1 231 232
Secondary 41 74 115
Tertiary 40 88 128
Total 82 393 475

Answer:

  1. Primary sector, especially organized sector
  2. Secondary sector, especially organized sector
  3. Tertiary sector, especially organized sector
  4. Primary sector, especially unorganized sector
Question 2.
Natural products being changed into other forms is known as: (B)?

Answer:

  1. Primary product
  2. Secondary product
  3. Tertiary product
  4. Quaternary product
Question 3.
Which one of the. following pairs is correctly matched?
(A)

Answer:

  1. Primary Sector - Flower Cultivator
  2. Secondary Sector - Milk Vendor
  3. Tertiary Sector - Fisherman
  4. Manufacturing Sector - Gardener
Question 4.
Fill in the blank: (A)?
Sector Criteria Used
Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Nature of ec
Organized & Unorganized ?

Answer:

  1. Nature of Employment activities
  2. Nature of Social activities
  3. Nature of Production activities
  4. Nature of Political activities
Question 5.
Which one of the following is an example of Primary sector activity?
©

Answer:

  1. Baking
  2. Outsourcing
  3. Farming
  4. Banking
Question 6.
Choose the correct option from the following: (A) List-I (Example) List-II (Sector)?

    Answer:

  1. Courier Tertiary Sector
  2. Fisherman Secondary Sector
  3. Carpenter Primary Sector
  4. Transporter Secondary Sector
Question 7.
Activities that help in the development of Primary and Secondary sectors come under which one of the following sectors?
©

Answer:

  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Tertiary
  4. Quaternary
Question 8.
At the initial stages of development, which one of the following sectors was the most important of economic activity?
(A)

Answer:

  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Tertiary
  4. Quaternary
Question 9.
Activities in which natural products are changed into other forms come under which sector?

Answer: Secondary sector

Question 10.
The products received by exploiting natural resources come under which sector ?

Answer: Primary sector

Question 11.
Which sector shows the highest share in employment in 2017-18, in India?

Answer: Secondary sector

Question 12.
Choose the incorrect option from the following: ©?
List I List II
A) Courier 1) Tertiary Sector
B) Fisherman 2) Primary Sector
C) Carpenter 3) Primary Sector
D) Banker 4) Tertiary Sector
Question 13.
Which one of the following is a feature of the unorganized sector?
(D)

Answer:

  1. Terms of employment are regular
  2. People have assured work
  3. They have some formal processes and procedures
  4. There are rules and regulations but not followed
Question 14.
Which sector contribute.highest in the GDP of India?

Answer: Tertiary sector

Question 15.
If there is a disruption by transporters and lorries refuse to transport vegetables, milk. etc. from rural areas to urban areas, food will become scarce in urban areas, whereas farmers will be unable to sell their products. Which of the following sectors will be affected due to this situation stated above?

Answer: Tertiary, Primary and Secondary

Question 16.
A is a worker in a garment export industry of Jaipur. He gets facilities like health insurance, provident fund, medical leave, etc. In which sectors is A working?

Answer: Organized sector

Question 17.
Which one of the following categories of urban households take the highest percentage of loan from the formal sector?
(D)

Answer:

  1. Poor households
  2. Households with few assets
  3. Well-off households
  4. Rich households
Question 18.
Which one of the following is a development goal of the factory workers?
(A)

Answer:

  1. Better wages
  2. Better technology
  3. More hours of work
  4. More labour work
Question 19.
Find the odd one out from the following options: (D)?

Answer:

  1. Tourist Guide, Barber, Tailor, and Potter
  2. Teacher, Doctor, Vegetable Vendor and Lawyer
  3. Postman, Cobbler, Soldier and Police Constable
  4. Indian Railways, Jet Airways, Doordarshan and Metro
Question 20.
Which of the following examples fall under an organized sector?
(B)

Answer:

  1. A daily wage labourer working for a contractor
  2. An engineer getting all employment benefits
  3. A cleaning staff in a private school
  4. A tailor stitching clothes at his home
Question 21.
A woman works at a sweet shop in her village on a contract basis and gets meagre salary after working the entire day. She doesnt get any holidays or paid leave, rather her employer deducts her salary whenever she is absent from work. Find out in which following sectors she is working. (D)?

Answer:

  1. Primary Sector
  2. Service Sector
  3. Organized Sector
  4. Unorganised Sector
Question 22.
A man is employed on a food processing farm where he has to do a lot of manual work. His wife and daughter also help him in his work on the farm every day. Which type of employment is this an example?

Answer: Under employment

Question 23.
Choose the incorrect option from Column A and Column B. (D) (Category of Person) (Developmental goals/Aspirations)?

Answer:

  1. Landless rural labourers i) More days of work and better wages
  2. Prosperous farmers from Punjab ii) Availability of other sources of irrigation
  3. Assured a higher support prices for their crops
  4. A rural woman from a land owning iv) Regular job and high wages to increase family her income
Question 24.
Which one of the following is a private sector industry?
(B)

Answer:

  1. BHEL
  2. TISCO
  3. OIL
  4. SAIL

Directions: The following

Questions consist of two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R) Answer these
Questions selecting the appropriate option given below:

Question 25.
Assertion (A) : Agriculture and industry move hand in hand. Reason (R) : Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from the country?
  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct expllanation of

Answer:

  1. A is true but R is false
  2. A is false but R is true
Question 26.
Assertion (A) : The Government of India buy-s wheat and rice from farmers at fair price. (B) Reason (R) : Public sector contributes to the economic development?

Answer:

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
  3. A is true but R is false
  4. A is false but R is true
Question 27.
When we produce goods by exploiting natural resources, in which category of economic sector such activities come?

Answer: When we produce goods by exploiting natural resources, it comes under the category of Primary sector

Question 28.
Which sector helps in the development of the primary and secondary sectors?

Answer: Tertiary sector helps in the development of the primary and secondary sector

Question 29.
In which sector does government own most of the assets and provides the basic services?

Answer: In service sector or public sector or tertiary sector, the government own most of the assets and provides the basic services

Question 30.
Name the sector which continued to be the largest employer even in the year 2000?

Answer: The primary sector continued to be the largest employer even in the year 2000

Question 31.
Suggest any one measure to promote handspun khadi in India?

Answer: People can be educated of the traditional cottage industries in india, awareness can be spread about the nantional movement

Question 32.
Give any two examples of informal sector of credit?

Answer: The two informal sectors of credit are

  1. Moneylenders
  2. Traders
Question 33.
How are economic activities in India classified?

Answer: Economic activities in India are classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors,based on the nature of the work involved

Question 34.
What are the two main types of classifications for economic sectors?

Answer: Economic sectors can be classified as organised or unorganised, and public or private

Question 35.
What is the fastest growing sector in the Indian economy?

Answer: The service sector is the fastest growing sector in the Indian economy

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