Development

Development AP 10th Class Social Economics 1st Lesson Important Questions

AP 10th Class Social Economics 1st Lesson Important Questions: 8 Marks

Question 1.
Explain with examples that there are other important development goals also besides income?

Answer:

1. Other aspects such as equal treatment, freedom, security, opportunity to learn, good working conditions, pollution- free atmosphere, job security and good social life are very important for a good quality life
2. Money or material things that one can buy with it, is one factor on which our life depends
3. But quality of our life also depends on non-material things, for example, the role of our friends in our life
4. Another example, if we get a job in a far off place, before accepting it we would try consider many factors apart from income such as facilities for our family, working atmosphere or opportunity to learn
5. Similarly, for development, people look at a mix of goals
6. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity increases
7. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing of house work and greater acceptance of women

Question 2.
"Money cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well." Explain the statement?

Answer:

1. It is indeed true that money cannot buy all the goods and services that one must need to live well
2. For example, money cannot ensure that we live in a pollution free environment or get unadulterated medicine. It can also not prevent infectious diseases if the whole community does not take steps
3. It is cheaper to have collective security for the entire community than security for each house similarly, if only one child is interested in studying, that child may not be able to go to school unless his or her parents are financially capable
4. Hence, it is cheaper to provide collective services. Then quality of our life also depends on security equal treatment, respect no discrimination and friendship
5. Money or material things are important, but other factors are hence important tool

Question 3.
What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries as rich and poor countries?

What are the limitations of this criterion?

Answer: The World Bank was created in 1944 and is dedicated to providing financing, advice, and research to developingnations to aid their economic advancement. World Bank classifies the whole globe as a rich or poor country

1. World bank works on the basis of average income or per capita income of the particular country to be declared as poor or rich
2. Any country having more than or equal to 45,3000 per annum in the year 2004 is classified as a rich country and less than or equal to 3700 per annum is called a low- income country or a poor country

Limitations are as follows:

1. It is based on income criterian but more income can not always ensure a good quality of life. Freedom, equality and equal opportunities are necessary for the same
2. They use per capita income to classify but it hides disparities like two country may have equitable distribution. In other country, it may be possible that most of citizens are poor while very few of them are extremely rich

Question 4.
Why is sustainability important development?

Answer: The issue of sustainability is important for development because

1. With the passage of times the generation changes and with this change society wants more and more benefits from the resources. This increases Ecological footprint
2. The increasing needs of people decaying things»day by day and excessive use is making things worse. The available resources will be exhausted soon and our coming generation will stay deprived from all kind of needs if the speed of usage remain same
3. The development should be done by keeping in mind the future usage
4. If resources will not be sustained for future then our natural resources will be exhausted after some time and upcoming generations will not be able to take the advantage of these natural resources

Question 5.
How does the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development differ from the one used by the World Bank?

Answer:

1. The criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development includes indicators such as education levels, health status, and per capita income
2. The World Bank primarily classifies countries based on their per capita income
3. The UNDPs approach considers a broader range of factors that contribute to development, including the well-being of citizens, while the World Banks approach focuses more on income as a measure of development
4. The UNDPs criterion emphasises human development and quality of life, while the World Banks criterion is more centred on economic indicators
5. The UNDPs approach recognizes that income alone is not sufficient to measure development, and looks at various dimensions of well-being
6. The World Banks criterion has been criticised for not taking into account other aspects of development beyond income

Question 6.
Should per capita income be used as a sole criterion to compare states?

Discuss the case of Kerala and Haryana?

Answer:

1. Per capita income is not a sufficient indicator of development as it does not consider other important factors such as health and education indicators
2. Haryana has a higher per capita income than Kerala, but Kerala has a better human development ranking
3. This shows that per capita income alone is not a useful criterion for comparing states
4. Kerala has a low infant mortality rate and better provision of basic health and educational facilities compared to Haryana, despite its lower per capita income
5. This indicates that per capita income does not reflect the quality of life and well being of the population
6. Other factors such as literacy rate, attendance ratio, and life expectancy should be considered along with per capita income to get a comprehensive understanding of development
7. Equality in income distribution is also important, as a country with higher average income but less equitable distribution may not be considered well-developed
8. Overall, using per capita income as the sole criterion to compare states is not sufficient and should be complemented with other indicators of development

Question 7.
How can the development of a country he determined?

Answer:

1. Development of a country can be determined by various factors such as per capita income, average literacy level, and health status of its people
2. Economic development is often measured using income as a common indicator
3. However, income alone is not sufficient to measure development, and indicators of quality of life and environmental sustainability should also be considered
4. Human development can be assessed by considering factors such as educational levels, health status, and per capita income
5. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) compares countries based on these factors in its Human Development Report
6. Sustainable development involves ensuring that the current level of development can be maintained or improved for future generations
7. Development goals should consider the well-being of citizens and the sustainability of resources

Question 8.
Can yon identify any controversies or differences in ways of developing?

Answer:

1. Different individuals and countries may have conflicting notions of development
2. There can be controversies and differences in ways of developing
3. Development goals and aspirations can vary among different people
4. Development for one person or country may not be development for another, and may even be destructive
5. Income is a common goal for many people, but other goals such as regular work and better wages are also important
6. Development can be measured and compared using different indicators, and there can be differences in which indicators are considered important
7. The criterion for comparing countries or states depends on the purpose of the comparison

Question 9.
How can students actively participate In understanding the complex nature of development, and what terms and sources of information are provided In the lesson for further research?

Answer:

1. Students can actively participate in understanding the complex nature of development by engaging in debates and discussions about different perspectives on development
2. They can respond to intuitive situations and analyse macro-level analysis in order to better grasp the concept of development
3. The lesson encourages students to argue their point of view and provides

   Questions and activities at the end of each section to reinforce understanding and relate concepts to real-life situations

4. Terms related to development, such as Per Capita Income, Literacy Rate, Infant Mortality Rate, Attendance Ratio, Life Expectancy, Gross Enrolment Ratio, and Human Development Index, are introduced and clarified in the lesson
5. The lesson provides sources for further information, including reports published by the Government of India, United Nations Development Programme, World Bank, and Reserve Banks Handbook of Statistics on Indian Economy
6. These reports can be accessed either in school libraries or through the institutions websites

Question 10.
How can Information about average Income in a country help us determine the well-being of all sections of the economy?

Answer:

1. Information about average income in a country can provide a general idea of the economic well-being of its population
2. It indicates the overall level of income in the country and can be used as a comparison tool between different countries or regions
3. However, relying solely on average income may not give a complete picture of the well-being of all sections of the economy.
4. For example, if the average income in a country increases over time, it does not necessarily mean that all sections of the economy have become better
5. There may still be disparities in wealth distribution, with some sections of the economy experiencing more significant improvements than others
6. To determine the well-being of all sections of the economy, additional indicators and data need to be considered, such as employment rates, education levels, healthcare access, and poverty levels

Question 11.
Define the Homan Development Index (HM)?

Answer:

1. The Hunrtan Development Index (HDI) is a measure used to assess and compare the level of development among countries
2. It takes into account indicators such as life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, and gross national income per capita
3. HDI is published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in its annual Human Development Report
4. It provides a more comprehensive understanding of development beyond just income, by considering factors related to health, education, and living standards
5. The HDI ranks countries based on their level of development, with higher rankings indicating higher levels of human development
6. The HDI is an important tool for policymakers and researchers to track progress and identify areas for improvement in different countries
7. It helps to promote a more holistic and inclusive approach to development by considering the well-being and opportunities available to individuals within a country
8. The HDI is constantly evolving, with improvements and additions to the indicators used to ensure a more accurate representation of development

Question 12.
Why does India fall into the category of low-middle-incoine countries?

Answer: India falls into the category of low-middle-income countries due to the following reasons

1. Low per capita income Indias per capita income in 2019 was only US$ 6,681, which is significantly lower than that of high-income or rich countries
2. Population size : India has a large population, resulting in the total income of the country being distributed among a greater number of people. Comparing total income between countries is not an accurate measure of individual prosperity
3. Income inequality : India has significant income disparities, with a high concentration of wealth among a small percentage of the population. The average income may not reflect the income levels of the majority of people
4. Disparities in education and health indicators : While per capita income is an important measure, development also includes factors such as literacy rate and life expectancy. India lags behind in these areas compared to its neighbouring countries
5. Limited access to basic services : Many areas in India still lack adequate facilities for education, healthcare, and other basic services. The collective provision of these services is essential for overall development
6. Impacts of environmental degradation : The sustainability of development is a crucial aspect to consider. India faces challenges related to environmental degradation, which can hinder long-term development

Question 13.
How is average income compared between countries?

Answer:

1. Average income is compared between countries by dividing the total income of a country by its total population, which gives the average income per person
2. This average income is also known as per capita income
3. Per capita income is used to compare the income levels of different countries
4. World Development Reports, published by the World Bank, use per capita income as a criterion for classifying countries
5. Countries with a per capita income of US$49,300 or above in 2019 are called high- income or rich countries
6. Countries with a per capita income of US$2500 or less are called low-income countries
7. Developed countries generally refer to the rich countries, excluding certain small countries and countries in the Middle East
8. However, it is important to note that average income is not the sole measure of development and can hide disparities in income distribution among the population

Question 14.
How can countries and states be compared using development indicators?

Answer:

1. Development indicators are used to compare countries and states
2. income is a common method for measuring economic development
3. Other indicators, such as health and education, are also used to measure development
4. The Human Development Report published by UNDP compares countries based on education levels, health status, and per capita income
5. Environmental sustainability is also an important aspect of development
6. There are limitations to using income as the sole measure of development
7. Active participation and debate among students can help in understanding the complex nature of development
8. There is a need to consider a mix of goals for development, including quality of life and environmental sustainability
9. The World Bank and UNDP use different criteria for measuring development
10. Sustainability of development is important for the future generations

Question 15.
Why isthe issue of sustainability important for development?

Answer:

1. Sustainability is important for development because it ensures the well-being and survival of future generations
2. The present type and levels Ofdevelopment are not sustainable, as warned by scientists since the second half of the twentieth century
3. Environmental degradation and its consequences, such as pollution and depletion of natural resources, do not respect boundaries and affect us all
4. Sustainable development requires considering the impact of development on the environment and finding ways to minimise negative effects
5. It is important to strike a balance between economic development and environmental sustainability to ensure a healthy and prosperous future for all
6. Sustainable development involves using resources wisely and preserving them for future generations
7. Sustainability also includes social and economic aspects, such as reducing poverty, improving quality of life, and promoting equality
8. Taking a sustainable approach to development benefits not only the present but also future generations, fostering a fair and just society
9. Sustainable development requires collaboration and cooperation among scientists, economists, philosophers, and other social scientists
10. Overall, sustainability is important for development to create a harmonious and thriving world for everyone

Question 16.
Can you provide a few examples of environmental degradation that you have observed around you?

Answer:

1. Air pollution from factories and vehicles, resulting in smog and poor air quality
2. Deforestation and loss of natural habitats for wildlife
3. Water pollution from industrial waste and sewage, leading to contaminated rivers and lakes
4. Increase in plastic waste and litter in public areas
5. Oil spills in the ocean, causing damage to marine ecosystems
6. Land degradation and soil erosion due to unsustainable farming practices
7. Noise pollution from construction sites, traffic, and loud music
8. Disappearance of certain bird species due to destruction of their nesting areas
9. Decline of coral reefs and marine biodiversity due to ocean acidification and pollution
10. Depletion of natural resources, such as overfishing and mining activities

Question 17.
How can conflicting ideas about development be resolved in a fair and just manner?

Answer:

1. Recognize and respect the fact that different individuals and groups may have conflicting notions of development
2. Consider the perspectives and arguments presented by different people in order to understand and resolve conflicting ideas
3. Engage in active participation and debate to better understand the complex nature of development
4. Strive for fairness and justice in decision-making processes related to development
5. Evaluate the potential benefits and impacts of different development ideas on a large number of people rather than just a small group
6. Take into account a mix of goals for development, including economic well-being, quality of life, environmental.sustainability, and social equality
7. Consider the diversity of perspectives and goals within a country or society, and aim for inclusive decision-making processes that take into account the needs and aspirations of all individuals and groups
8. Promote democratic political processes as a means of achieving fair and just development-outcomes
9. Encourage critical thinking and analysis of different perspectives on development
10. Recognize the limitations and complexities of development, and seek newer ways of measuring and assessing development beyond just income
11. Strive for a balance between economic development and other important aspects of life, such as education, health, environment, and social well-being

Question 18.
What are the consequences of environmental degradation, and why is sustainability important?

Answer:

1. Environmental degradation has consequences that do not respect national or state boundaries
2. It affects the sustainability of development
3. Scientists, economists, philosophers, and other social scientists are working together to understand and address this issue
4. The present type and levels of development are not sustainable, according to warnings from scientists
5. Groundwater overuse, due to excessive extraction, is a specific example of environmental degradation
6. Over 300 districts in India have reported a decline in water levels, and a third of the country is overusing groundwater reserves
7. Development without overuse is possible, and it is important to consider sustainability for the future
8. Sustainable development is about meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
9. The resources on Earth are finite, and overuse can lead to their exhaustion
10. It is crucial to consider the concept of sustainability in both development and resource utilisation
11. Environmental degradation can result in health issues, such as nausea, skin rashes, fainting, diarrhoea, and poisoning
12. Sustainable development involves balancing economic growth with environmental preservation and social well-being
13. Development goals should be fair, just, and focused on the well-being of citizens
14. The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person
15. Environmental degradation and sustainability are relevant to the discussion of development because they affect the quality of life and future generations

Question 19.
What are the developmental goals of different categories of persons listed in Table 1.1 Developmental Goals of different categories of persons?

Category of Person	Developmental Goals / Aspirations
Landless rural labourers	More days of work and better wages; local school is able to provide quality education for their children; there is no social discrimination and they too can become leaders in the village
Prosperous farmers from Punjab	Assured a high family income through higher support prices for their crops and through hardworking and cheap labourers; they should be able to settle their children abroad
Farmers who depend only on rain for growing crops	-
A rural woman from a land owning family	-
Urban unemployed youth	-
A boy from a rich urban family	-
A girl from a rich urban family	She gets as much freedom as her brother and is able to decide what she wants to do in life. She is able to pursue her studies abroad
An adivasi from Narmada valley	-
-	-
-	-

Answer: More days of work and better wages; local school is able to

1. Freedom and opportunity for girls to be equal to boys in terms of education and household work
2. More electricity for industrialists, even if it means building more dams, but others may prefer smaller check dams or tanks
3. Deferent persons can have different developmental goals, and development for one may not be development for another
4. Developmental goals can include more income, but also other important aspects of life such as dignity, respect for women, safe environment, and quality of life
5. Development goals can vary based on individual differences and life situations
6. People can have different or conflicting developmental goals
7. Factors other than income, such as health, education, and overall well-being, are important aspects of development
8. Developmental goals can vary among individuals and nations
9. Development goals should be fair and just, considering the benefit to a large number of people

Question 20.
What are some different perspectives on development?

Answer: Some different perspectives on development are

1. Different individuals can have different notions of development
2. There can be conflicting developmental goals among people
3. Factors other than income, such as health status and literacy level, are important aspects of development
4. National development can be subjective and different individuals may have varying , ideas about what a country should achieve
5. Different countries and states can be compared using various development indicators, including per capita income, literacy level, and health status
6. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Bank have different criteria for measuring development
7. Development should also consider indicators of quality of life and environmental sustainability
8. Sustainability of development is important, as environmental degradation affects everyone globally
9. Development goals should not only focus on income but also on other important aspects, such as dignity, respect, and a safe and secure environment
10. Development should involve thinking about the ways in which goals can be achieved through a democratic political process

Question 21.
Why do we use averages to measure development, and what are the limitations of their use?

Answer:

1. Averages are used to measure development because they provide a summary measure of a specific indicator, such as per capita income or literacy level
2. Averages can help in comparing different countries or regions and identifying trends over time
3. However, there are limitations to using averages
4. Averages can mask inequalities within a country or region
5. For example, a high average income may not reflect the income distribution, where some people may be extremely rich and others may be in poverty
6. Averages can overlook variations or disparities between different groups or regions within a country
7. For example, the average literacy level may be high, but there may be significant differences in literacy rates between urban and rural areas
8. Averages may not capture important aspects of development, such as quality of life, health status, or environmental sustainability
9. Averages do not provide a complete picture of development and may oversimplify complex social and economic dynamics
10. Averages may be influenced or distorted by outliers or extreme values, leading to misleading conclusions about development

Question 22.
How can conflicting notions of development arise among individuals?

Answer: Conflicting notions of development can arise among individuals due to various factors

Different life situations:

1. People come from different backgrounds, have different experiences, and face different challenges in life
2. These differences can shape their perspectives on development
3. Diverse priorities and values: Individuals have different priorities and values, which influence their definition of development
4. Some may prioritise economic growth and material wealth, while others may prioritise social well-being and environmental sustainability

Varying socio-economic conditions:

1. People living in different socio-economic conditions may have different needs and aspirations
2. What may be considered development for one person may not be the same for another person in a different socio-economic context

Cultural and social norms:

1. Cultural and social norms play a significant role in shaping individuals understanding of development
2. Different societies have different ideals and expectations regarding what constitutes development

Lack of awareness and information:

1. Limited access to information and education can result in a lack of awareness or understanding of different perspectives on development
2. This can lead to conflicting notions of what development should entail

Power dynamics and inequality:

1. Power dynamics and inequality within societies can influence individuals perceptions of development
2. Those in positions of power may have different priorities and interests compared to marginalised groups, leading to conflicting notions of development

Political ideologies and agendas:

1. Political ideologies and agendas can shape individuals ideas about development
2. Different political ideologies may prioritise different aspects of development, leading to conflicting notions
3. Limited resources and opportunities: Limited resources and opportunities can create competition and divergent interests among individuals
4. Conflicting notions of development may arise when different groups or individuals vie for limited resources

Question 23.
How is the depletion of natural resources related to the sustainability of development?

Answer:

1. The depletion of natural resources is a critical factor in determining the sustainability of development
2. Overuse and exhaustion of renewable resources, such as groundwater, can lead to environmental degradation and pose a threat to future generations access to these resources
3. Non-renewable resources like crude oil have limited reserves, and if their extraction continues at the current rate, they will eventually be depleted.
4. The sustainability of development requires careful management of natural resources
5. Sustainable development aims to balance the use of resources with their preservation, promoting long-term environmental and socio-economic well-being
6. It is essential to consider the impacts of resource depletion on ecosystems, biodiversity, and quality of life when planning for development
7. The concept of sustainable development recognizes the need to mitigate overuse and find alternative sources of energy and resources to meet future needs
8. Sustainable development focuses on meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
9. Balance and responsible resource management are crucial for achieving sustainable development and ensuring a better future for all

Question 24.
How is sustainability of development an emerging area of knowledge that involves interdisciplinary collaboration?

Answer:

1. Sustainability of development is an emerging area of knowledge that involves interdisciplinary collaboration
2. Scientists, economists, philosophers, and other social scientists are working together to understand and address the consequences of environmental degradation
3. National or state boundaries no longer confine the issue of environmental degradation
4. The concept of sustainability recognizes that the present type and levels of development are not sustainable in the long term
5. Sustainability focuses on ensuring that development can be maintained or increased for future generations
6. The idea of sustainability is highlighted through the quote "We have not inherited the world from our forefathers - we have borrowed it from our children"
7. The inclusion of sustainability in development discussions emphasises the importance of considering the well-being and health of citizens
8. Sustainability involves analysing the impact of development on people, their health, and their overall well-being
9. The measurement of development goes beyond just per capita income and includes indicators of quality of life and environmental sustainability
10. Sustainable development calls for the consideration of factors such as resource usage and environmental impact
11. The collaborative nature of sustainability involves multiple disciplines and perspectives to provide a comprehensive understanding of development

Question 25.
How can income be used as an indicator of economic development?

Answer: Income can be used as an indicator of economic development in the following ways

1. Income is a commonly used measure to compare the level of development among countries or states
2. Per capita income, which is the average income per person, is often used to measure economic development
3. Increasing income over a period of time generally indicates improvement in the overall economy
4. Income level can be compared among different countries or states to assess their relative development
5. However, it is important to note that income alone is an inadequate measure of development.
6. Other indicators such as health and education, along with income, are also used to measure development
7. Income can provide insights into the material goods and services that citizens are able to access and afford

Question 26.
What are the present sources of energy used in India, and what could be the possibilities fifty years from now?

Answer: Present sources of energy used in India:

1. Fossil Fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)
2. Renewable energy (solar, wind, hydroelectric power)
3. Nuclear energy

Possibilities for energy sources fifty years from now:

1. Increased use of renewable energy sources
2. Advancements in solar and wind energy technology
3. Development of new clean energy sources
4. Greater reliance on sustainable and environmentally friendly sources of energy
5. Potential shift towards more decentralised energy systems
6. Exploration of new energy sources and technologies

Question 27.
What should India do or achieve to become a developed country?

Answer:

1. Increase per capita income
2. Improve literacy levels
3. Enhance the health status of its people
4. Focus on sustainable development
5. Consider indicators of quality of life and environmental sustainability
6. Set a mix of development goals that benefit a large number of people
7. Active participation and debate among students to better understand development
8. Continuously assess and reassess development goals and progress
9. Incprporate a holistic approach to development, considering social, economic, and environmental factors

Question 28.
Which neighbouring country has better performance in terms of human development than India?

Explain?

Answer: Neighbouring countries that have better performance in terms of human development than India are

1. Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka is shown to have higher per capita income and life expectancy compared to India
2. Nepal: Nepal is also shown to have higher life expectancy than India, despite having lower per capita income
3. Bangladesh : Bangladesh has a higher life expectancy and mean years of schooling compared to India, although it has a slightly lower per capita income

Please note that while these neighbouring countries may perform better in specific aspects of human development, it does not imply that their overall development performance is better in every aspect. Development is a complex and multidimensional concept that cannot be fully captured by a single indicator

Question 29.
What are the main causes and consequences of global warming?

Answer:

1. Global warming is primarily caused by the release of greenhouse gases, such as .carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation
2. The consequences of global warming include rising temperatures, melting glaciers and sea ice, more frequent and severe natural disasters, changes in precipitation patterns, and rising sea levels
3. These changes have significant impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity, leading to the extinction of species and changes in the distribution of plant and animal populations
4. Global warming also has significant social and economic impacts, including reduced agricultural productivity, increased food and water insecurity, and displacement of communities due to rising sea levels and natural disasters
5. Addressing global warming requires a collective effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote sustainable energy and transportation systems, and protect ecosystems and biodiversity
6. This requires international cooperation, policy and regulatory frameworks, and public awareness and education on the importance of taking action to address global warming

Question 30.
What are some of the key benefits and challenges of renewable energy?

Answer:

1. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower have the potential to provide clean and sustainable energy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting energy security
2. By reducing reliance on fossil fuels, renewable energy can also reduce air and water pollution, improving public health and environmental quality
3. However, renewable energy technologies can be expensive to implement and require Significant upfront investment, which can be a barrier to widespread adoption
4. Additionally, renewable energy sources such as solar and wind can be intermittent, meaning that they may not always be available when needed, requiring energy storage or backup power sources
5. There may also be challenges related to land use and environmental impacts, such as habitat disruption and land degradation
6. Addressing these challenges requires investing in technology development and innovation, promoting policies and regulations that support renewable energy, and increasing public awareness and education on the importance of transitioning to clean and sustainable energy sources

AP 10th Class Social Economics 1st Lesson Important Questions: 4 Marks

Question 1.
"Different persons can have different developmental goals." Support the statement with an example?

Answer: Different people can have different developmental goals based on their age, gender, socio-economic status, location, and other factors

• A girl expects as much freedom and opportunity as her brother, and he also shares in household work. Her brother may not like this
• Industrialists may want more dams for power generation. But this may submerge the land and displace the people living around it
• The farmer may be more concerned with access to clean water, agricultural infrastructure, and affordable healthcare
• While the businessman may be more concerned with access to finance, technology, and skilled labour

Question 2.
In what ways Government can increase employment in the rural sector?

Answer:

• By introducing mega projects-new dam is constructed and canals
• By introducing tertiary facilities in an area
• To identify, promote and locate industries and services in semi-rural areas
• It is also possible to set up industries that process vegetables and agricultural produce like potato, sweet potato
• By promoting tourism, or regional craft industry, or new services like IT

Question 3.
How does the Human Development Report give a holistic view of development?

Answer:

• The Human Development Report, published by UNDP, compares countries based on health, education, and per capita income
• Human Development Index (HDI) gives a wider picture of development, which includes not just higher income but broad human development as well
• It also assesses a countrys national policy and compares countries with similar ; Gross national incomes
• It is a tool to measure a countrys development based on its economic and social measurements

Question 4.
Explain common, different and conflicting goals by giving suitable examples?

Answer:

• Common goals: There are some requirements which are common to all such as income, freedom, equality, security, respect etc
• Different goals: Development and progress does not means the same for every individual. Each individual has its own idea of development. For example: Schools for students, irrigation for farmers and employment for unemployed youth
• Conflicting goals: It might be possible that development for some may become destructive for others For Example: Industrialists may want dams for electricity but it may displace the natives of that region due to land submergence

Question 5.
What is the basis for determining for developmental goals of different people?

Give one example to prove that development for some may cause harm to others?

Answer:

• Goals of each person or group are determined according to their aspirations. Everyone seeks to achieve the goal that are most important to them and which can fulfill their desires and aspirations
• The goals of landless labourers and rich farmers, or the goal of a man or a woman are bound to be different
• The social, cultural, Mid economic position of the people varies, which results in different developmental goals
• The goals of development of a person or group may be disastrous for others. For example, industrialists may want more dams to generate electricity, but the same dam may submerge the land, disrupting the life of people whose habitat has been submerged

Question 6.
Why do people look at a mix of goals for development?

Explain. A. People of all groups look at a mixed goals for development. There are so many goals to?

Answer:which all the people look atfor development and these are

• Students need better education and job opportunities
• Women need safe and secure society and surroundings at home, job place etc
• Pollution is the most severe problem of todays environment, so people seek a pollution freS environment
• We are living in a democracy, so we need things like equal treatment, freedom right, security and respect etc

Question 7.
How have markets been transformed in recent years?

Explain with examples?

Answer:

• In a matter of last few years, our markets have been transformed. As consumers in todays world, some of us have a wide choice of goods and services before us
• The latest models of digital cameras, mobile phones and televisions made by the leading manufacturers of the world are within our reach
• Every season, new models of automobiles can be seen on Indian roads
• Today, Indians are buying cars produced by nearly all the top companies in the world
• A similar explosion of brands can be seen for many other goods: from shirts to televisions to processed fruit juices

Question 8.
How do we count various goods and services for calculating Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P.) of country?

Answer:

1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the market value of the final goods and services produced during a year within the domestic territory of a country
2. For example, a farmer sold wheat to a flour mill for Rs.8 per kg. The mill grinds the wheat at and sells the flour to a biscuit company for Rs.10 per kg. The biscuit company uses the flour, sugar and butter to make 5 biscuit packets. It sells the biscuit to the consumer at Rs.20 per biscuit packet
3. Here biscuits are the final goods that are purchased by the consumer. Wheat and wheat flour are the intermediate goods used in the production of final good
4. The value of 20 already includes the value-of flour Rs.10. Hence, only the value of final goods and services are included in GDP

Question 9.
How is the issue of sustainability important for development?

Explain with examples?

Answer:

1. Sqstainability focuses on environmental protection and check environmental degradation, moreover, to stop over exploitation and over use of resources
2. Instead of using coal, oil and natural gas to provide electricity and to power vehicles. We should take advantage of the abundance of solar, wind, wave, tidal and thermal energy that is free, renewable and sustainable
3. These resources will provide more than enough green electricity which can then power all the industries, homes and transport that we need
4. Sustainable use of natural resources is the process by which economic, industrial and social needs are met but the resources are to be managed and exploited in such a way that the biodiversity, and the biological cycle like carbon, nitrogen and water cycle are not destroyed

Question 10.
What does HDI stand for?

Explain the main criteria of measuring HDI according to UNDP Report of 1990?

Answer: HDI stands for Human Development Index. The main criteria of measuring HDI according to UNDP can be explained as follows

• UNDP published HOI to compare different countries based on education, health and per capital income of the country
• HDI Determines the rank of a country in three areas i.e., life expectancy, education all level and per capital income
• India ranks at 132nd position out of 191, according to the latest Human Development Report 2022
• The four primary indicators of HDI are life expectancy in terms of health, predicted years of schooling in terms of education, mean years of schooling in terms of education, and Gross National Income per capita in terms of standard of living

Question 11.
What are the limitations of using income as the sole measure of development?

Answer: The limitations of using income as the sole measure of development are

• Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services needed for a good quality of life
• Income does not guarantee a pollution-free environment or access to unadulterated medicines
• Money may not protect against infectious diseases unless the whole community takes preventive steps
• Development involves a mix of goals,including dignity, respect for women, and sharing of housework

Question 12.
Which country is at the top and which is at the bottom in terms of each Item given in Table 1.6 SOME DATA REGARDING INDIA AND ITS NEIGHBOURS FOR 2017?

Country	Gross National Income (GNI per capita (2011$)	Life expectancy, at birth	Mean years of schooling of people aged 25 & above	HDI Rank In the world (2018)
SriLanka	12,707	77	10.6	73
India	6,681	69.7	6.5	130
Myanmar	4,961	67.1	5.0	148
Pakistan	4,961	67.3	5.2	154
Nepal	3,457	70.8	5.0	143
Bangladesh	4,976	72.6	6.2	134

Answer: The country at the top and bottom in terms of each item given in Table 1.6 are as follows: Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (2011 PPP $): Top: Sri Lanka (12,707) Bottom: Nepal (3,457) Life Expectancy at birth: Top: Sri Lanka (77 years) Bottom: Myanmar (67.1 years) Mean Years of Schooling of People aged 25 and above : Top: Sri Lanka (10.6 years) Bottom: Myanmar and Nepal (5.0 years) HDI. Rank in the world (2018) : Top: Sri Lanka (73) Bottom: Pakistan (154)

Question 13.
What can be some of the developmental goals for your village, town, or locality?

Answer:

1. Improvement of infrastructure, such as roads, electricity, and water supply
2. Access to quality education and healthcare
3. Creation of employment opportunities and economic growth
4. Preservation of natural resources and promotion of environmental sustainability
5. Promotion of social equality and inclusivity
6. Enhancement of public safety and security
7. Encouragement of cultural and heritage preservation

Question 14.
Are good health and educational facilities solely dependent on government spending?

Answer: No, availability of good health and educational facilities does not solely depend on government spending. Other factors that could be relevant include

1. Public participation and involvement in providing these facilities
2. Collective provision of goods and services can be cheaper and more effective than individual provision
Examples of collective provision of goods and services being cheaper include:
3. Collective security for a locality rather than each house having its own security staff
4. Government opening schools and providing facilities for all children to study

Question 15.
What should be the developmental goal for the country in the toxic waste incident?

Answer:

1. The developmental goal for the country in the toxic waste incident should be to address the environmental and health consequences Caused by the toxic waste
2. The country should focus on preventing further harm to its citizens and ensuring the proper disposal of toxic waste
3. Efforts should be made to hold the multinational company responsible for the incident
4. The developmental goal should prioritise the well-being and quality of life of the affected population

AP 10th Class Social Economics 1st Lesson Important Questions: 2 Marks

Question 1.
Suggest any two ways to create more employment in the rural sector?

Answer:

• Identification of industries in semi-rural areas can create employment opportunities for local people, from skilled to unskilled labourers
• The construction of various means of irrigation, like dams, canals, etc., generates employment in the agricultural sector
• The construction of roads and railways generates employment opportunities

Question 2. What may be a developmental goal of urban unemployed youth?

Answer:

• To get a decent job suitable to his/her qualifications and skills or get proper career counselling
• The southwest monsoon plays a crucial role in Indias agriculture and affects the livelihood of a fifth of the worlds population. Around 55% of Indias arable land is dependent on rain

Question 3.
Suggest any three ways to maintain Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Answer: Body Mass Index is a persons height in kilograms by the square of height in meters. It can be maintain be following ways

• Through anaerobic activity
• Through aerobic exercise
• Through and individual sports and team games

Question 4.
Our development is the earths destruction. Do you agree with the given statement Give 2 reasons to support your answer?

Answer: Points in favour

• Continued over exploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource, as it will be qnable to replenish
• Habitat destruction is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. This brings earths destruction

Point in against:

• The development can be earth-conscious and should be sustainable

Question 5.
Apart from income, which other six things people look for growth and development?

Answer:

• High per capita income is not the only attribute to good equality life. It cannot buy all the essential things required for a good buy all the essential things required for a good life
• Pollution-free atmosphere to ensure good health, protection from infectious diseases, lowering of mortality rate, promotion of literacy, job security, good working conditions etc., are essential for a good standard of living and for growth and development

Question 6.
How can collective provision of goods and services be more cost-effective?

Answer:

1. Collective provision can be more cost-effective because it avoids duplication
2. It also ensures that resources are.used efficiently for the benefit of the whole community

Question 7.
What is the significance of considering the consequences of development beyond national or state boundaries?

Answer:

1. Environmental degradation and the consequences of development do not respect boundaries
2. So it is important to consider the shared future and work together for sustainability
3. What is the Body Mass Index (BMI) and why is it relevant to development

Answer:

1. BMI: Body Mass Index (BMI) is a persons weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters
2. BMI is a measure of proper nutrition
3. It can provide insights into the health and well-being of individuals and populations
4. So it is relevant to development

Question 8.
How can countries achieve a fair and just path for development?

Answer:

1. Achieving a fair and just path for development involves considering conflicting ideas, evaluating the benefits for different groups
2. They also and making decisions that benefit the majority

Question 9.
Give an example of a term used in the chapter that may require clarification?

Answer: Per Capita Income Literacy Rate Infant Mortality Rate Attendance Ratio Life Expectancy Gross Enrolment Ratio Human Development Index Purchasing Power Parity

Question 10.
Explain the concept of non-renewable resources and give an example?

Answer:

1. Non-renewable resources are resources that cannot be replenished or renewed once they are used up
2. These resources have a fixed stock on Earth and will eventually be exhausted
3. Examples of non-renewable resources include crude oil, natural gas, coal, and minerals like gold and silver
4. Once these resources are depleted, they cannot be replaced or regenerated

AP 10th Class Social Economics 1st Lesson Important Questions: 1 Mark

Question 1.
People only need a good income to have a good standard of living, as income can buy everything that one needs for a good life. Is this stateme.pt correct?

Give reason to support your answer?

Answer: Income is not a true measure of development because it does not reflect the distribution of wealth among the people. It is only on a Qualitative basis

Question 2.
The human development approach, developed by Mahbub ul Haq is often framed in terms of whether people are able to "be" and "do" desirable things in life. The freedom of choice is central - someone choosing to be hungry (as during a religious fast) is quite different from someone who is hungry because they cannot afford to buy food, or because4 the country is in a famine. Give an example (other than the one given) to demonstrate the freedom of choice explained above?

Answer: A girl choosing not to do higher education and be a performing artist Vs. A girl not allowed going to college due to family constraints

Question 3.
Define the term Per Capita income?

Answer: The per capita income is calculated by dividing the total income of the country by the population of the country. It represents the average income of an individual in a country

Question 4.
Define the term Literacy rate?

Answer: Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age, who has the ability to read, write and understand

Question 5.
Suggest any one way to create employment in semi-rural areas?

Answer:

• By starting cottage industries and small processing units
• Also, give credit to those who start small businesses

Question 6.
Give any one example of economic development in dictatorial regimes?

Answer: An example of economics development to dictatonial regimes is high per capita income high literacy rate low infant maoriality rate etc

Question 7.
Fill in the blank : Human Development Index (HDI) level in India can be improved through _____?

Answer: Investment in public facilities like healthcare and education

Question 8.
State any two goals of development other than income?

Answer: Important goals of development other than income, such as

• Safe and secured environment for women
• Equal treatment, security and dignity for all citizens

Question 9.
Suggest any one way to create employment opportunity in the rural areas?

Answer: Opening of cold storage in rural qreas creates employment opportunity as they can store their products in it

Question 10.
What is the most common indicator for measuring economic development of a country?

Answer: Income per capita is the most common indicator

Question 11.
Sex ratio refers to the number of females per 1000 males in the population. Odisha has a better sex ratio (972) than Madhya Pradesh (919). All other indicators being equal, how does this affect the Human Development Index of the two states?

Answer: It does not affect the Human Development Index, as the sex ratio is not used in the calculation of the HDI

Question 12.
How is GDP calculated?

Answer: GDP can be calculated by adding up all of the money spent by consumers, business and the government in a period or year

Question 13.
If there are four members in a family and their total income is 20,000/- what would be the average income of each person?

Answer: Average income of each person will be ?5,000

Question 14.
What is the advantage of per capita income?

Mention any one.

Answer: Per capital income helps to compare the development of countries as it tells us whether people in one country are better off than others in a different country

Question 15.
What is the main topic of the lesson?

Answer: The main topic of the lesson is understanding economic development

Question 16.
What are the different perspectives on development?

Answer: Different persons could have different as well as conflicting notions of a countrys development

Question 17.
What are the different goals of development?

Answer: Goals of development can vary among individuals and nations and can include better income, security, respect, equal treatment, and freedom

Question 18.
What are the limitations of using income as the sole measure of development?

Answer: Using income as the sole measure of development overlooks other important indicators of development such as quality of life and environmental sustainability

Question 19.
Why is it important to consider indicators of quality of life and environmental sustainability in development?

Answer: Considering these indicators helps-to ensure that development is fair, just, and sustainable for all

Question 20.
What are some examples of environmental degradation?

Answer: Examples of environmental degradation can include pollution, deforestation, and depletion of natural resources

Question 21.
How can countries and states be compared using development indicators?

Answer: Development indicators, such as per capita income and literacy rate, can be used to compare countries and states

Question 22.
What is the role of the UNDP in measuring development?

Answer: The UNDP uses its own criteria, separate from the World Bank, to measure development

Question 23.
Why is the sustainability of development important?

Answer: The sustainability of development is important because environmental degradation affects the future of all countries and regions

Question 24.
How does the lesson encourage active participation and debate among students?

Answer: The document presents scenarios,

Questions, and activities that prompt students to think critically and engage in discussions about development

Question 25.
What resources are provided for further research on development?

Answer: The lesson provides sources of information, such as the Human Development Report and the World Development Reports, for further research on development

Question 26.
Why is fairness and justice important in development goals?

Answer: Fairness and justice ensure that development benefits a large number of people and addresses the needs of all individuals and groups in a society

Question 27.
How can development be measured apart from income?

Answer: Development can be measured by considering indicators such as literacy rate, health status, access to basic services, and human rights