Gender Religion and Caste

Gender, Religion and Caste AP 10th Class Social History 3rd Lesson Important Questions

AP 10th Class Social History 3rd Lesson Important Questions: 8 Marks

Question 1.
"Women still lag much behind men in India despite some improvements, since independence." Analyse the statement?

Answer: Women still lag much behind men in the following ways

1. Political- participation of women in India is very less when compared to other countries
2. Less than 15% the total members in the Lok Sabha are women
3. The situation is worse in State Assemblies where less than 10% of the total members are women
4. The Women reservation bill to encourage the participation of women is still pending since the past decade
5. Women are paid less than their male counter parts
6. Proportion of women in highly paid jobs is still less and studies have shown that on an average they work more than men and yet are paid less
7. Although the Equal Remuneration Act provides provision for equal wages to be paid for equal work
8. The literacy rate amongst women is also low when compared to men
9. Literacy rate is only 77% as, compared to 84.7% among men. This shows the discrimination women have to face
10. Men are still considered to be the head of the family
11. A lot of dowry issues still emerge everywhere
12. Men are known to dominate women in every field using strength as a factor
13. Women are made to stay quiet even in cases of rapes, betrayal etc

Question 2.
How can caste take several forms in polities?

Explain with examples?

Answer:

1. A caste is a fixed social group into which an individual is born within a particular system of social stratification
2. It is considered to be the sole basis of social community
3. People belonging to the same caste have the same interests which they share amongst themselves and no one else
4. Caste can take various forms in politics in following ways
5. Ones caste can control access to political power, land, and police or judicial assistance
6. Castes also tend to influence local politics by being local to certain areas
7. Political parties often favour some castes and are even recognized as representatives of these castes. This brings prejudice and biasness in terms of decisions, ideologies and other such important matters
8. Principle of One Person - One vote or Universal Adult Franchise has helped in a compelling the political parties to mobilize and have an inclusive approach towards the castes that were earlier ignored by them
9. Parties favour certain caste and secure vote bank. Parties also incite people on the pretext of casteism, thus create political disasters
10. Caste composition of an electorate is always kept in mind when the nominations are decided by the party during elections
11. Parties tend to nominate candidates of different castes so as to muster necessary support,to win elections
12. When governments are formed, the parties make sure that these candidates of different castes find a place in the set up

Question 3.
In what aspects of life are women discriminated against or disadvantaged in India?

Answer: In India, women face discrimination and disadvantage in various aspects of life, as highlighted in the document snippets

1. Women have lower literacy rates compared to men, with only 54% of women being literate compared to 76% of men
2. Women have limited access to higher education, with a smaller proportion of girls pursuing higher studies
3. Womens participation in public life, while high, still lags behind men in terms of representation and decision-making roles
4. Women face harassment, exploitation, and violence, particularly in urban areas. They are not safe even within their own homes
5. Womens political representation in legislative bodies is very low, with less than 5% of seats occupied by women in State Assemblies and only 14.36% of elected women members in the Lok Sabha
6. Womens unpaid work, primarily in household-related tasks, is undervalued and invisible
7. These examples illustrate the gender disparities and discrimination that women continue to face in Indian society

Question 4.
How are caste iriequalities still continuing in India?

Answer: Gender inequalities still persist in India for several reasons, discrimination and oppression

1. Women face disadvantage, discrimination, and oppression in various aspects of life
2. Low literacy rates: The literacy rate among women is lower compared to men, with only 54% of women being literate
3. Limited access to higher education: A smaller proportion of girls pursue higher education
4. Gender disparities in public life: Although womens participation in public life is high, they still lag behind men in various aspects
5. Furthermore, caste inequalities continue to exist in India due to the following factors
6. Persistence of caste practices: Despite constitutional prohibition, aspects of caste such as endogamy (marriage within ones own caste) and untouchability still persist
7. Link between caste and economic status: Caste remains closely linked to economic status, with some castes having historically had better access to education and economic opportunities compared to others

Question 5.
What is the current status of womens representation in Indias legislative bodies?

Answer: The following points regarding the current status of womens representation in Indias legislative bodies:

1. The proportion of women in the legislature is very low in India
2. In the Lok Sabha, the percentage of elected women members reached 14.36% in 2019
3. Womens share in state assemblies is less than 5%
4. India ranks among the bottom group of nations in terms of womens representation in government
5. Seats in the Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, Cabinets, and Panchayati Raj bodies are not reserved for women
6. Womens organizations and activists have been demanding reservation of at least one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for women, but there is no consensus among all political parties and the bill has not been passed

Question 6.
What is the level of womens participation in public life in India?

Answer:

1. Womens participation in public life in India is high
2. However, women still lag behind men in various aspects such as literacy rates and access to higher education
3. Women face disadvantage, discrimination, and oppression in Indian society
4. The proportion of women in the legislature is very low, with less than 5% representation in state assemblies
5. Womens problems are not given adequate attention, leading to the need for more women as elected representatives
6. The Womens Reservation Bill, which aims to reserve at least one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for women, has been pending before the Parliament for more than a decade
7. One-third of seats in local government bodies in India, including panchayats and municipalities, are reserved for women
8. Womens organizations and activists have been demanding more representation for women in legislative bodies
9. Increasing womens representation in the political domain is seen as a way to address the issues related to womens well-being

Question 7.
How does the workload between men and women differ in India?

Answer: The workload between men and women in India differs in the following ways

1. Women work for an average of around 7.5 hours per day, while men work for around 6.5 hours per day. However, much of womens,work is unpaid and related to household responsibilities
2. Womens work is often invisible and not valued, even though they work one hour more than men on average every day
3. The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976, which ensures equal pay for equal work, is not fully implemented, and women are often paid less than men even when they do the same work
4. Womens participation in income-generating work is lower compared to men. Men work for 6 hours per day on income-generating activities, while women work for only 2 hours and 40 minutes
5. Women face discrimination and oppression in various aspects of life, including education, and career opportunities. The literacy rate among women is only 54%, compared to 76% among men. Fewer girls go for higher studies
6. Despite womens high participation in public life, their representation in political bodies is still very low
7. The proportion of women in the Lok Sabha is only 14.36%, and their share in state assemblies is less than 5%

Question 8.
Why is womens representation in political decision-making important?

Answer:

1. Womens representation in political decision-making is important because it ensures that womens issues and concerns are adequately addressed and prioritized in policy-making processes
2. It helps to bridge the gender gap in power and influence, promoting gender equality and womens rights
3. Having more women in political positions can lead to more inclusive and representative decision-making processes that take into account diverse perspectives and experiences
4. It challenges and disrupts traditional gender norms and patriarchal structures that limit womens participation and influence in public life
5. Womens representation in political decision-making can inspire and encourage other women to engage in politics and public service, creating a positive cycle of womens empowerment
6. It helps to create a more equitable and just society by addressing gender disparities and promoting womens rights and opportunities
7. Womens perspectives and experiences bring unique insights and ideas to the decision-making process, leading to better and more effective policies

Question 9.
How have reservations for women in the Panchayati Raj affected their representation?

Answer:

1. Reservations for women in the Panchayati Raj have resulted in an increase in womens representation in elected bodies
2. One-third of seats in local government bodies, including panchayats and municipalities, are now reserved for women
3. As a result, there are now more than 10 lakh elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies
4. Womens organizations and activists have been demanding similar reservations in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies, but the bill proposing this has not been passed yet
5. Womens political representation in India has historically been very low, with less than 5% representation in State Assemblies and around 14% representation in the Lok Sabha
6. Reservations have provided a means for increasing womens political representation and addressing gender disparities

Question 10.
How does the reservation of seats for women in local government bodies relate to gender division in politics?

Answer:

1. Reservation of seats for women in local government bodies aims to address the gender division in politics
2. It provides an opportunity for women to participate in public life and have a voice in decision-making processes
3. The reservation system ensures that a fair proportion of women are elected representatives, promoting gender equality in political representation.
4. It helps to raise issues related to womens well-being and ensures that their problems receive adequate attention
5. The reservation system in local government bodies has led to an increase in the number of elected women representatives, with more than 10 lakh women now holding positions in rural and urban local bodies
6. However, there is still a low proportion of women in the national legislature, with less than 5 percent of elected women members in State Assemblies and 14.36 percent in the Lok Sabha in 2019
7. The Womens Reservation Bill, proposing one-third reservation of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for women, has been pending in Parliament for over a decade without consensus among political parties
8. The reservation of seats for women is a step towards addressing gender disparities and promoting gender equality in the political domain

Question 11.
Why is feminism seen as a positive thing despite criticisms of other forms of division in society?

Answer:

1. Feminism is seen as a positive thing because it aims to address and overcome the unequal treatment and discrimination faced by women in society
2. It seeks to promote gender equality and ensure that women have the same opportunities and rights as men
3. Feminism focuses on challenging and changing the patriarchal structures and norms that perpetuate gender inequality
4. It seeks to empower women, elevate their social and political status, and improve their overall well-being
5. Feminist movements have been instrumental in bringing about significant improvements in womens lives, such as increased educational and career opportunities, as well as greater participation in public life
6. They have helped challenge gender stereotypes and promote womens rights and autonomy
7. By advocating for womens rights and addressing gender disparities, feminism contributes to a more inclusive and equitable society. It encourages critical discussions about gender-based discrimination and promotes the value of diversity and inclusivity
8. While other forms of division such as caste and communalism create social divisions and perpetuate inequalities, feminism focuses on dismantling the barriers that limit womens potential and prevent them from fully participating in society. It seeks to ensure that womens voices are heard and their needs are prioritized

Question 12.
How does Indias Constitution address the issue of religion and communalism?

Answer:

1. Indias Constitution provides freedom to individuals and communities to practice and propagate any religion or not follow any religion
2. It prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion and bans untouchability
3. The Constitution establishes a secular state where there is no official religion and the state can intervene in religious matters to ensure equality within religious communities
4. The Constitution aims to combat communalism, which threatens the very idea of India
5. It emphasizes the need to counter communal prejudices and propaganda in everyday life and political mobilization on religious lines
6. It also emphasizes the importance of countering communal violence and protecting religious minorities
7. The Constitutions provisions make India a secular state and protect the rights of individuals and communities to freely practice their religion while ensuring equal treatment and combating communalism

Question 13.
What efforts have been made to address and eliminate caste inequalities in India?

Answer: Efforts to address and eliminate caste inequalities in India include

1. Constitutional prohibition of untouchability and discrimination based on caste
2. Reservation system in political representation, such as the reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies
3. Reservation of seats for women in the Panchayati Raj and local government bodies
4. Womens movements advocating for. gender equality and empowerment
5. Educational initiatives and policies to improve access to education for marginalized castes
6. Social awareness and open discussions about caste to combat casteism
7. Economic empowerment programs and initiatives for marginalized castes
8. Land reform policies to address historical inequalities in land ownership
9. Implementation of social welfare schemes and programs targeting marginalized castes
10. Legal measures against caste-based discrimination and violence

Question 14.
How have castes and the caste system changed in modern India?

Answer:

1. Caste continues to persist in contemporary Indian society, with people often marrying within their own caste or tribe and untouchability still existing, despite it being prohibited by the constitution
2. Effects of historical advantages and disadvantages based on caste can still be felt today
3. Some caste groups, particularly those that had access to education in the past, have been successful in acquiring modern education, while those prohibited from education or had limited access continue to lag behind
4. Caste plays a role in politics/with parties considering the caste composition of the electorate when choosing candidates and forming governments
5. Political parties and candidates often appeal to caste sentiment to garner support
6. Although explicit and formalized inequalities based on caste have been outlawed, caste continues to be strongly linked to economic status, with average economic status following the old caste hierarchy
7. Caste-based discrimination also persists in terms of poverty levels and representation in higher income brackets
8. The social and economic status of Indian women still lags behind men, with lower literacy rates and limited access to higher education
9. Womens participation in public and political life is high, but gender disparities and discrimination continue to exist
10. Communalism, where religion is used as the basis for social divisions, poses a threat in Indian society
11. The constitutional prohibition of caste-based discrimination and the promotion of a secular state aim to address issues of caste and religious discrimination

Question 15.
What are the dangers of communal politics and communal violence ?

Answer:

1. Communal politics can lead to a quest for dominance by one religious community, either through majoritarian dominance or by forming a separate political unit
2. Communal politics often involves the use of sacred symbols, religious leaders, emotional appeal, and fear to bring followers of one religion together in the political arena. This can lead to special appeals and preferences for voters of one religion over others in electoral politics
3. Communalism in its most extreme form can result in communal violence, riots, and massacres. India has experienced large-scale communed violence in the past
4. Communal politics based on religion can be dangerous when it promotes exclusive and partisan terms, creating conflict between different religious groups. This can lead to the belief that people of different religions cannot live as equal citizens within one nation
5. Communalism suppresses many voices within religious communities, as it assumes that all followers of one religion have the same interests and aspirations, which is fundamentally flawed
6. Communal politics encourages religious prejudices, stereotypes, and the superiority of one religion over others. It can also lead to the domination of one religious group over the rest, using state power

AP 10th Class Social Political Science 3rd Lesson Important Questions: 4 Marks

Question 1.
Give two instances that involve a relationship between religion and politics?

Answer:

1. Human rights groups in our country have argued that most of the victims of communal riots in our country are people from religious minorities
2. They have demanded that the govt, take special steps to protect religious minorities
3. Womens movement has argued that family laws of all religious discriminate against women
4. So, they have demanded that govt should change these laws to make them more equitable

Question 2.
What factors contribute to the breaking down of age-old caste hierarchy ?

Answer:

• Social reformers and political leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Jyotiba Phule, B.R.Ambedkar and Periyar Ramaswami Naicker advocated and worked to establish a society in which caste inequalities are absent
• Due to social - economic changes caste system in India have undergone some changes. Due to :
• Economic development
• Large scale urbanisation, growth of literacy and education, occupational mobility and the weakening of the position of landlords in the villages, the old notions of caste hierarchy are breaking down

Question 3.
Explain the status of womens representation in Indias legislative bodies?

Answer:

• Panchayat Raj in India has reserved 1/3rd seats in Local Government bodies for women
• In India, the proportion of women in legislature has been very low
• The percentage of elected women members in Lok Sabha is not even 10% and in State Assemblies less than 5%
• India is behipd several developing countries of Africa and Latin America
• Recently, in 2023 the women reservation bill was passed in the parliament

Question 4.
Communalism can take various forms in politics." Explain?

Answer:

• The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs.
• These involve religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities
• A communed mind often leads to a quest for political dominance of ones own religious community
• Political mobilization on religious lines involves the use of sacred symbols, religious leaders, and emotional appeal to bring the followers of one religion together in the political arena
• Sometimes communalism takes its ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacre

Question 5.
Read the given extract and answer the following

Questions?

Boys and girls are brought up to believe that the main responsibility of women is housework and bringing up children. This is reflected in a sexual division of labour in most families: women do all work inside the home such as cooking, cleaning, washing j clothes, tailoring, looking after children, etc., and men do all the work outside die home. It is not that men cannot do housework; they simply think that it is for women to attend to these things. When these jobs ore paid for, men are ready to take up these works. Most tailors or cooks in hotels are men. Similarly, it is not that women do not work outside their home. In villages, women fetch water, collect fuel and work in the fields. In urban areas, poor women work as domestic helper in middle class homes, while middle class women work in offices. In fact, the majority of women do some sort of paid work in addition to domestic labour. But their work is not valued and does not get recognition

Question 1.
What do you mean by sexual division of labour ?

Answer: A system in which all work inside the home is done by women and men do all the work outside the home

Question 2.
Why most tailors or cooks in hotels are men ?

Answer:

• There is no payment for these jobs at home for men
• When these jobs are paid for men are ready to take up these works
• So, most tailors or cooks in hotels are men

Question 3. Name some countries where participation of women in public life is very high?

Answer: Sweden, Norway and Finland

Question 4.
Read the given extract and answer the following

Questions?

Gradually the gender issue was raised in politics. Women in different parts of the world organised and agitated for equal rights. There were agitations in different countries for the extension of voting rights to women. These agitations demanded enhancing the political and legal status of women and improving their educational and career opportunities. More radical womens movements aimed at equality in personal and family life as well. These movements are called feminist movements

Question 1.
What does the term patriarchy refer to ?

Answer: Rule by father. A system that values men more and gives them power over women

Question 2.
What do you mean by "Feminist"?

Answer: Woman or a man, who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men

Question 3.
What were the demands of the womens movements ?

Answer:

• Enhance the political and legal status of women
• Improving educational and career opportunities for women
• Equality in personal and family life

Question 7.
Read the given extract and answer the following

Questions?

Understood in this sense, secularism is not just an ideology of some parties or persons. This idea constitutes one of the foundations of our country. Communalism should not be seen as a threat to some people in India. It threatens the very idea of India. That is why communalism needs to be combated. A secular Constitution like ours is necessary but not sufficient to combat communalism. Communal prejudices and propaganda need to be countered in everyday life and religion- based mobilisation needs to be countered in the arena of politics

Question 1.
What is secularism ?

Answer: There is no state religion. All religions are treated in equal manner

Question 2.
What are the constitutional provisions declare India to be a secular state ?

Answer:

• There is no official religion for the Indian state
• The constitution prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion
• The constitution provides freedom to profess, practice and propogate any religion, or not to follow any

Question 3.
Why do we need to combat communalism ?

Answer:

• Communalism should not be seen as a threat to some people in India
• It threatens the very idea of India

Question 8.
Read the given extract and answer the following

Question?

Partly due to their efforts and partly due to other socio-economic changes, castes and caste system in modem India have undergone great changes. With economic develop meat, large scale urbanisation, growth of litemcy and education, occupational mobility and the weakening of the position of landlords in the villages, the old notions of caste hierarchy are breaking

Question 1.
Which leaders worked for the elimination of caste system in India ?

Answer: Jyothibha Phule, Gandhiji, B.R.Ambedkar and Periyar Ramaswami Naiker

Question 2.
What is caste hierarchy ?

Answer: Caste hierarchy is a ladder like formation in which all the caste groups are placed from the highest to the lowest

Question 3.
Write any two ways by which the caste hierarchy can be broken ?

Answer:

• Growth of literacy
• Urbanisation

Question 9.
Explain the status of womens representation in Indias legislative bodies?

Answer:

• The way to ensure that women related problems gets adequate attention is to have more women as elected representatives
• To achieve this, it is legally binding to have a fair proportion of women in the elected bodies
• Panchayati Raj in India has reserved one-third seats in Local government bodies for women
• In India, the proportion of women in legislature has been very low. The percentage of elected women members in Lok Sabha is not even 15 percent and in State Assemblies less than 10 per cent. India is lagging behind several developing countries of Africa and Latin America. Women organisations have been demanding reservations of at least one-third seats in Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for Women
• And only recently, in March 2010, the womens reservation bill was passed in the Rajya Sabha ensuring 33% reservation to women in parliament and State Legislative bodies though it was never voted in Lok Sabha.

Question 10.
"The Government of India gives holidays for the festivals of most of the religions." Why is it so?

Give your viewpoint?

Answer:

• The Government of India gives all religious holidays because India is a secular state
• Many provisions were adopted in the Constitution to make India a secular state and these are
• There is no official religion for the Indian State
• Constitution allows the State to intervene in the matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious communities for example Article 17 Which bans untouchability
• The constitution provides to all individuals and communications freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion and prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion

Question 11.
What are the different forms of communal politics?

Can you provide an example for each?

Answer: Forms of communal politics in India include

• Majoritajian dominance: Majority community seeking political dominance over minority communities
• Formation of a separate political unit: Minority community desiring to create a separate political entity
• Political mobilization on religious lines: Using sacred symbols, religious leaders, emotional appeals, and fear to unite followers of one religion in the political arena
• Communal violence: Occurrence of riots, massacres, and large-scale violence based on religious divisions

Question 12.
What are the different statements about the meaning of communal politics?

Answer:

• Communal politics is based on the belief that one religion is superior to others
• Communal politics involves the idea that people belonging to different religions cannot live together happily as equal citizens
• Commurtal politics is based on the notion that followers of a particular religion constitute one community
• Communal politics seeks to establish the domination of one religious group over others, which state power is used to achieve
• Communal politics threatens the idea of a secular state and challenges the foundations of a diverse country like India

Question 13.
What forms of disadvantage, discrimination, and oppression do women face in Indian society?

Answer:

• Women in Indian society face disadvantage, discrimination, and oppression in various aspects of their lives
• Gender disparities still exist, with women lagging behind men in areas such as literacy rates and access to higher education
• Womens participation in public life is high, but their representation in legislature is very low, indicating a lack of political power and influence
• Women also face issues of domestic violence, harassment, and exploitation, particularly in urban areas

Question 14.
Why has the Womens Reservation Bill not been passed in India?

Answer:

1. The Womens Reservation Bill, which proposes one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies to be reserved for women, has not been passed in India
2. There is no consensus among all political parties regarding the implementation of this bill
3. Womens organizations and activists have been demanding the reservation, but it has been pending in the Parliament for more than a decade
4. The low proportion of women in legislature and the lack of adequate attention given to womens issues highlight the need for more women as elected representatives in order to ensure their problems receive proper attention

Question 15.
What is the Significance of caste in Indian society?

Answer: Significance of caste in Indian society

1. Caste inequalities still exist in India
2. Most people marry within their own caste or tribe
3. Effects of advantages and disadvantages based on caste continue to be felt today
4. Caste plays a role in politics, such as caste-based candidate selection and appeals to caste sentiment
5. Census counts Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, accounting for about two- thirds of the countrys population and three-fourths of the Hindu population
6. Caste is closely linked to economic status. Caste alone cannot determine election results

Question 16.
What are some examples of gender divisions that prevail in Indian society?

Answer: Examples of gender divisions in Indian society

1. Women facing disadvantage, discrimination, and oppression
2. Gender disparities in various aspects such as literacy rates and access to higher education
3. Womens underrepresentation in political and legislative bodies
4. Gender-based violence and harassment against women
5. Unequal distribution of household and unpaid work between men and women

Question 17.
Explain the factors that have led to the weakening of the caste system in India?

Answer: Reasons which have contributed to weakening caste Assystem were

1. Efforts of Gandhiji and B. R. Anibedkar who advocated and worked to establish a society in which caste inequalities are absent
2. Socio-economic changes such as: Urbanisation, Growth of literacy and education, Occupational mobility, Weakening of landlords position in the village, Breaking down of caste hierarchy
3. The Constitution of India prohibited any caste-based discrimination and laid the foundations of policies to reverse the injustices of the caste system
4. Fundamental right has played a major role since they are provided to all citizens without any discrimination. For example: Articles 17 ban on untouchibility

Question 18.
Read the given extracts and answer the following

Questions?

The problem begins when religion is seen as the basis of the nation. The example of Northern Ireland in Chapter 3 shows the dangers of such an approach to nationalism. The problem becomes more acute when religion is expressed in politics in exclusive and partisan terms, when one religion and its followers are pitted against another. This happens when beliefs of one religion are presented as superior to those of other religions, when the demands of one religious group are formed in opposition to another and when state power is used to establish domination of one religious group over the rest. This manner of using religion in politics is communal politics

Question 1.
What is the problem that arises when religion is seen as the basis of a nation?

Answer: Increased division and conflict among different religious groups

Question 2.
In communal politics, how is religion expressed in politics?

Answer: By presenting beliefs of one religion as superior to others

Question 3.
What is a consequence of using religion in politics to establish domination of one religious group over the rest?

Answer: Increased discrimination and oppression towards minority religious groups

Question 4.
What term describes the use of religion in politics when it is expressed in exclusive and partisan terms, pitting one religion against another and using state power to establish domination of one religious group over the rest?

Answer: Communal Politics

Question 19.
Read the given extracts and answer the following

Questions?

From the early nineteenth century, there were intense debates around religious issues. Different groups confronted the changes happening within colonial society in different ways, and offered a variety of new interpretations of the beliefs of different religions. Some criticised existing practices and campaigned for reform, white others countered the arguments of reformers. These debates were carried out in public and in print. Printed tracts and newspapers not only spread the new ideas, but they shaped the nature of the debate, A wider public could now participate in these public discussions and express their views. New ideas emerged through these clashes of opinions. This was a time of Sift intense controversies between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy over matters like widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical priesthood and idolatry. In Bengal, as the debate developed, tracts and newspapers proliferated, circulating a variety of arguments. To reach a wider audience, the ideas were printed in the everyday, spoken language of ordinary peo

Question 1.
Analyse any one issue of intense debate around religious issues?

Answer: There was intense debate over the issue of widow immolation between Hindu orthodoxy and social and religious reformers. Reformers spoke about how age-old traditions must be charged

Question 2.
Examine the role of print media in these debates?

Answer: Printed Tracts and newspapers not only spread the new ideas but they snaped the nature of the debate. They circulated a variety of arguments and were in the everyday spoken language of ordinary people, in order to reach a wider audience

AP 10th Class Social Political Science 3rd Lesson Important Questions: 2 Marks

Question 1.
Explain the concept of sexual division of labour with example. What are the results of this concept?

Answer: Sexual division of labour is a system in which all work inside the home is either done by the women or the family, or organised by them through domestic help. Ex : Cooking, washing clothes etc., done by women. Results

• Womens face disadvantage and discrimination
• Many girls are not sent to school
• Women earn less than men

Question 2.
What were Gandhijis views regarding religion and politics ?

Answer:

• Gandhiji used to say that religion can never be separated from politics
• What he meant by religion was not any particular religion like Hinduism (or) Islam but moral values that form the basis of all religions
• He believed that politics must be guided by ethics drawn from religions

Question 3.
What are some ways in which caste demonstrated itself in politics ?

Answer:

• When parties choose candidates in electiorts they keep in mind the caste composition of the electorate and nominate candidates from different castes so as to muster the necessary support to win elections
• Political parties and candidates in elections make appeals to caste sentiment to muster support
• Some political parties are known to favour some castes and are seen as their representative

Question 4.
In what ways does politics influence caste system ?

Answer: Politics too influences caste system and caste identifies by bringing them into the political arena

• Each caste group tries to become bigger by incorporating within it, neighbouring castes or sub-castes, which were earlier excluded from it
• Various caste groups are required to enter into a coalition with other castes or communities and thus enter into a dialogue and negotiation
• New kinds of caste groups have come up in the political arena like backward and forward caste groups

Question 5.
Suggest any three ways to enhance political participation of women in India?

Answer:

• More seats for women should be reserved in political bodies. For eg. in local govt, bodies 1/3 seats are reserved for women
• Membership of women should be increased in political parties
• Women should be encouraged to contest election

Question 6.
Mention different aspects in which women are discriminated against in India?

Answer:

• Females are not provided with adequate education. Thus, the literacy rate among them is low
• They receive lower wages than their male counterparts in the unorganised sector
• Female Feticide and Female Infanticide are still practised in various parts of India

Question 7.
Suggest any one way to create communal harmony among various communities of India?

Answer: The one way to create communal harmony among various communities of India are given below

• To show respect to the religion of others
• To celebrate all religious functions together
• To make others aware about the religion and social practices of people belonging to different faiths

Question 8.
What are two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state?

Answer: Two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state are as follows

1. The Indian Constitution provides freedom to individuals and communities to practice and propagate any religion, or choose not to follow any religion
2. The Constitution prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion and allows the state to intervene in religious matters to ensure equality within religious communities

Question 9.
Give two examples of forms of communal politics?

Answer: Examples of forms of communal politics in India include

• Political parties appealing to arid favoring specific castes or religious groups to gather support
• Using religion as a basis for social divisions and political dominance

Question 10.
State two reasons why caste alone cannot determine election results in India?

Answer: Two reasons why caste alone cannot determine election results in India are

• Multiple factors influence voting decisions, including the candidates political party, performance, and ideology
• Increasing awareness and consciousness among voters about the importance of inclusive representation and development issues, leading to transcending caste- based voting patterns

Question 11.
What is the average daily work hours for women compared to men?

Answer:

• On average women work for a little over seven and a half hours every day, while men work for about six and a half hours
• However, mens work is more visible as it often leads to income generation, while womens work is primarily related to household responsibilities and remains unpaid and invisible

Question 12.
What is communalism and why does it pose a threat in India?

Answer:

• Communalism is the belief that one religious community is superior to others and can live separately
• It poses a threat in India because it goes against the idea of India as a diverse and inclusive nation
• It promotes social divisions and can lead to communal violence

Question 13.
Why is it important to have more women as elected representatives in India?

Answer:

• Having more women as elected representatives ensures that womens issues and problems receive adequate attention
• It helps in addressing gender disparities and promoting womens rights and empowerment

Question 14.
What is the current representation of women in Indian legislature?

Answer:

• The representation of women in the Indian legislature is very low. In 2019, the percentage of elected women members in Lok Sabha was 14.36% and their share in State Assemblies was less than 5%
• India ranks low compared to other developing countries in terms of womens political representation

Question 15.
What are some constitutional provisions that make India a secular state?

Answer: Two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state are

• The freedom to profess, practice, and propagate any religion, or not to follow any religion
• Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion. These provisions ensure equality among religious communities and prevent the state from establishing the domination of one religious group over others

Question 16.
Why do social differences emerge in a society?

Does every social difference lead to social division? Explain your answer with the help of an example?

Answer:

• Social differences emerge in a society when people belonging to different social groups share differences and similarities cutting across the boundaries of their groups
• No, every social difference does not lead to social division
• Social differences may divide similar people but can also unite very different people such as Carlos and Smith who came together to fight social evils practiced in the society

Question 17.
Mention any three features of secularism described in the Indian Constitution?

Answer: The three features of secularism described in the Indian Constitution are as follows

• The Constitution of India does not give special recognition to any one religion and there is no state religion in India
• All individuals and communities have been given freedom to practice, profess and propagate any religion
• The Constitution of India discrimination on grounds of religion

Question 18.
In which aspects of life do women face discrimination and disadvantage in India?

Answer: Women in India face discrimination and disadvantage in various aspects of life including

• Lower literacy rates compared to men
• Limited access to higher education
• Gender-based violence and oppression
• Unequal division of labor with women primarily responsible for unpaid household work

Question 19.
What is the status of womens representation in Indias legislative bodies?

Answer: Status of womens representation in Indias legislative bodies

• Proportion of women in the legislature is very low
• Less than 5% of women in state assemblies
• Percentage of elected women members in Lok Sabha touched 14.36% in 2019
• Cabinets are largely all-male even with a woman as Chief Minister or Prime Minister

AP 10th Class Social Political Science 3rd Lesson Important Questions: 1 Mark

Question 1.
Define a feminist?

Answer: A person who believes in equal rights and opportunities for all human beings (women and men)

Question 2.
Explain the term "Feminist Movement"?

Answer: A feminist movement is a movement aimed at equality in personal and family life for men and women

Question 3.
What do you mean by "Patriarchal Society" ?

Answer: Male dominated society (Or) Rule by father (or) A system that values men more and gives them power over women

Question 4.
The Indian Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practise and propagate any religion because _____?

Answer: India is a sefcular country

Question 5.
How does communalism create problems in politics ?

Answer:

• When one uses religion in politics, it is communal politics
• It creates problems when one sees religion as the basis of the nation and people discriminate to others on the basis of religion

Question 6.
Define sex ratio?

Answer: Number of girl children per 1000 boys

Question 7.
What are family laws ?

Answer: Those laws that deal with family related matters such as marriage, divorce, adoption, inheritance etc., in our country. Different family laws apply to followers of different religions

Question 8.
Read the following information and write a single term for it. The Constitution of India provides freedom to profess and practice any religion to all its citizens. The Constitution of India prohibits discrimination on religious grounds?

Answer: Secular/Secularism

Question 9.
The most common expression of communalism is in every-day beliefs". Explain?

Answer: These routinely involves religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities and belief in the superiority of ones religion over other religions

Question 10.
What is a secular state ?

Answer: A state govt, which is not to follow any religion is known as secular state

Question 11.
Mention any two provisions of Indian constitution which makes India a secular state?

Answer:

• There is no official religion for the Indian state
• The constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion

Question 12.
Suggest any two ways to break caste hierarchy?

Answer:

• Spread of education
• Urbanisation

Question 13.
What is communalisin ?

Answer: Feeling of greatness of ones own religion and hate the other religions

Question 14.
Why should we combat communalism?

Answer:

• Communalism should not be seen as a threat to some people in India
• It threatens the very idea of India

Question 15.
Mention any two ways to combat communalism?

Answer:

• Communal prejudices and propaganda need to be countered in everyday life and
• Religion - based mobilisation needs to be countered in the arena of politics

Question 16.
What is ineaht by caste hierarchy ?

Answer: Caste hierarchy is a ladder like formation in which all the caste groups are placed from the highest to the lowest castes

Question 17.
What is the Equal Remuneration (Wages) Act ?

Answer:

• The Equal Remuneration Act was passed in 1976
• This Act provides that equal wages should be paid to equal work regardless of gender status

Question 18.
What idea is communal politics based on ?

Answer: Comfnunal politics is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social community

Question 19.
What does it mean when people say that a caste is a vote bank of one party ?

Answer: It usually means that a large proportion of the voters from that caste vote for that party

Question 20.
Which new kinds of caste groups have come in todays political domain ?

Answer: Backward and forward caste groups have come in todays political domain

Question 21.
How many seats in local government bodies are reserved for women in India?

Answer: One-third of seats in local government bodies - in panchayats and municipalities - are reserved for women in India

Question 22.
Which of the following statement is true regarding Feminist Movements. ?

1. A group which favours giving more power to working women at rural and urban level
2. A movement that believes in giving exclusive rights to female in urban areas
3. Radical womens movements aimed at equality in personal and family life as well
4. It is the practice of placing a feminine and masculine point of view in decision making

Answer: Radical womens movements aimed at equality in personal and family life as well

Question 23.
Which of the following statement is not true ?

Answer:

1. The constitution prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion
2. The constitution allows us to practice, profess and propagate any religion or not to follow any
3. The Constitution of India allows the state to intervene in the matters of religion in order to ensure equality with in religious communities
4. As per the Constituion, religion can never be separated from politics

Answer: As per the Constituion, religion can never be separated from politics

Question 24.
Match the following terms with their definitions?

A) Feminist	1) A person who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men
B) Patriarchal Society	2) A law that ensures equal wages for equal work
C) Equal Rémuneration Act, 1976	3) A society where men hold the primary power and women are excluded from political and economic influence
D) Domestic Violence	4) Abuse or violence, usually physical, inflicted upon a spouse or domestic partner.

Answer:

1. -1
2. -3
3. -2
4. -4