Development

Textbook Exercises

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore?

• Renewable
• Flow
• Biotic
• Non-renewable

Answer:

• Non-renewable

Question 2.
Under which of the following type of resource can tidal energy be put?

• Replenishable
• Abiotic
• Human-made
• Non-recyclable

Answer:

• Replenishable

Question 3.
Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?

• Intensive cultivation
• Over irrigation
• Deforestation
• Overgrazing

Answer:

• Intensive cultivation

Question 4.
In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised?

• Punjab
• Haryana
• Plains of Uttar Pradesh
• Uttarakhand

Answer:

• Uttarakhand

Question 5.
In which of the following states is the black soil found?

• Jammu and Kashmir
• Rajasthan
• Gujarat
• Jharkhand

Answer:

• Gujarat

Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

Question 1.
Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it?

Answer:Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh. Cotton is the crop which is mainly grown in the black soil

Question 2.
Which type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil?

Answer:Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast. The three main features of this type of soil are

• It contains proportions of sand, silt and clay
• It is highly fertile land; and
• It contains proportion of potash, phosphoric, acid and lime

Question 3.
What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?

Answer:The following steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas

• Deforestation should be stopped
• Over-grazing needs to be controlled; and
• Steps can be taken to control the running water

Question 4.
What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples?

Answer:Biotic resources are those which are obtained from biosphere. Such resources have life. Some examples of biotic resources are: human, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc Abiotic resources are all those which are composed of non-living things. These include rocks and metals

Answer the following questions in about 120 words

Question 1.
Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61

Answer:Land utilization is useful for vegetation, wildlife, human life and economic activities. The land resources are used for forest, farming, pastures, industries and the like. The land use pattern in India can be stated through the following figure: Figure.: 1 indicates the land use pattern in 2003-04 and Figure: 2, that of 1960-61 Figure 1: General land use categories 2000-2003

Forest Area under non-agricultural use Barren and wasteland Permanent Pastures and Grazing land Area under misc. Tree crops and Groves Culturable Waste Fallow other than Current Fallow

• Current Fallow
• Net Sown Area
• Figure 2: General land use categories 1960-61 Forest Area under non-agricultural use Barren and wasteland Permanent Pastures and Grazing land Area under misc. Tree crops and Groves Cultural Wasteland Fallow other than current Fallow Current Fallow
• Net Sown Area - The land use under the forest cover has, since 1960-61, increased 4.56%, though land under forest cover has to be around one-third of the total land. Indeed, the increase has not been much. The main reasons are: over-grazing still continues and forest land is oftenly made use of for purposes such as farming and industries

Question 2.
How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources

Answer:As we develop economically and technically, the consumption of our natural resources increase. Resources help us develop and this development is possible only through the development of oitr technology techniques and machines. More we use technology, more we exploit out natural resources and more we consume them which ultimately lead us to development. The availability of resources is no guarantee for development of people. Development requires development of technology technote to use and consume our resources. Resources contribute to our development only when they are accompanied by appropriate technological development. The use and consumption of resource constitute the use of technology on the one hand and the resultant development of the society on the other.

Project Activity

Question 1.
Natural endowments in the form of land, water, vegetation and minerals?

Answer:Resource

Question 2.
A type of non-renewable resource?

Answer:Minerals

Question 3.
Soil with high water-retaining capacity?

Answer:black soil

Question 4.
Intensively leached soils of the monsoon climate?

Answer:Latente

Question 5.
Plantation of trees on a large scale to check soil erosion?

Answer:Coricour, gullies

Question 6.
The Great Plains of India are made up of these soils?

Answer:Alluvial