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Science & Technology Current Affairs June 5th Week 2017
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 1. ISRO’s Satellite-based chips for Unmanned Rail Crossings.

Satellite-based chip systems developed by ISRO will be used to alert road users at unmanned level crossings about approaching trains. These chips will also help the railways in tracking train movement on a real-time basis. 

Initially, on a pilot basis the ISRO-developed integrated circuit (IC) chips will be installed in the Mumbai and Guwahati Rajdhani trains. Hooters will be installed at 20 unmanned level crossings on Rajdhani routes for Guwahati and Mumbai. 

The system will warn the road users by hooters once a train approaches an unmanned level. The hooters will get activated when the train is present at a distance of about 500 metres from the level crossing, warning both road users as well as the train driver near the crossing. 

The sound of the hooters will become louder as the level crossing nears, and finally it will become silent after the passage of the train. In a phased manner, more trains would be equipped with the ISRO-developed integrated circuit (IC) chips. 

The satellite based system will also be used for tracking trains about their movement on real time basis. It will be useful to passengers as at present the movement of trains are tracked manually.
 
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2. NASA’s Opportunity Mars Rover finds evidence of Ancient Lake.
 
 
NASA’s Mars rover Opportunity has found rocks at the edge of Endeavour Crater that might have been a lake of liquid water. The scientists believe that the rocks were either transported by a flood or eroded in place by the wind.

NASA’s Opportunity rover has been investigating on and near the western rim of Endeavour Crater since 2011. The Endeavour Crater is about 22 km across.

Opportunity has found out a pattern of striations running east-west outside the crest of the rim. The features have been observed just outside the crater rim’s crest above “Perseverance Valley”.

To ascertain whether the rocks are present in-place or got transported, scientists plan to drive Opportunity down Perseverance Valley. The Perseverance valley extends for a distance of about two football fields. It slopes down from the crest into the Endeavour crater.

The scientists are looking into several hypotheses for the perched lake. As per one hypothesis, one of the possibility is that a flood might have brought in the rocks and carved out the Perseverance valley. Another believes that the area was fractured by the impact that created Endeavour Crater.
 
3. SpaceX successfully completed 2 rocket launches and landings this weekend.
 
 
A SpaceX rocket carried 10 communications satellites into orbit from California on Sunday, two days after the company successfully launched a satellite from Florida.

The Falcon 9 rocket blasted off through low-lying fog at 1:25 p.m. PDT from Vandenberg Air Force Base northwest of Los Angeles. It carried a second batch of new satellites for Iridium Communications, which is replacing its orbiting fleet with a next-generation constellation of satellites.

About seven minutes after liftoff, the rocket`s first-stage booster returned to earth and landed on a floating platform on a ship in the Pacific Ocean, while the rocket`s second stage continued to carry the satellites toward orbit.
 
4. china`s fastest bullet train makes its debut run.
 
 
China`s indigenous next generation bullet train, with a maximum speed of 400 kilometer per hour, made its debut today on the country`s busiest Beijing-Shanghai line. `Fuxing`, a CR400AF model, boasts a top speed of 400 kilometres per hour and a consistent speed of 350 kilometres an hour. 

`Fuxing` or rejuvenation departed Beijing South Railway Station at 11:05 am for Shanghai. At the same time, another CR400AF model left Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station for Beijing.

The new bullet trains, also known as electric multiple units (EMU), took about five hours and 45 minutes to reach Shanghai. On its way, it stopped by 10 stations, including Jinan, Shandong province and Tianjin.

The Beijing-Shanghai line is the country`s busiest route used by 50,5000 passengers daily. 

The train was designed and manufactured by China, state-run Xinhua news agency reported.

It includes a sophisticated monitoring system that constantly checks its performance and automatically slows the train in case of emergencies or abnormal conditions.

A remote data-transmission system, a control centre will be able to monitor the train in real time, the report said.

Lu Dongfu, general manager of China Railway Corporation, operator of the new train, said `Fuxing`, underpins the unique role that high-speed railway has played in China`s economic and social development.

Previous bullet trains featured the characters `Hexiehao` (harmony) on the exterior of each train.

China has the world`s longest railway network with 22,000 kilometres by the end of last year, about 60 per cent of the world`s total.
 
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5. ISRO successfully launches GSAT-17 Satellite.
 
 
ISRO has successfully launched GSAT-17 communication Satellite onboard the Ariane-5 launch vehicle from the Guiana Space Center at French Guiana on June 28. GSAT-17 will be the ISRO’s third satellite that is launched within a span of three months.

The 3,477-kg GSAT 17 communication satellite will be placed in the geostationary orbit and will have a mission life of 15 years. The satellite will be an addition to the current fleet of 17 Indian communication satellites that are already providing services from space. 

Apart from providing communication services, the satellite will provide meteorological and satellite-based data to help rescue services which were earlier provided by geostationary satellites called Indian National Satellite System (INSAT).

GSAT-17 will provide continuity of services of operational satellites in C, extended C and S bands Once launched, ISRO’s Master Control Facility at Hassan in Karnataka and Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh will take over and place the satellite in geostationary orbit. GSAT-17 was designed and assembled at the ISRO Satellite Centre in Bengaluru. 

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In addition, GSAT-17 will also launch communication satellite Hellas Sat 3-Inmarsat S EAN. Hellas Sat 3 will provide directly to home television and telecom services across Europe, West Asia and South Africa. Inmarsat is set to provide in-flight Internet facilities for European airlines.
 
6. NASA achieves a major milestone in developing Quieter Supersonic Jet.
 
 
NASA has reached a major milestone in developing a quieter supersonic passenger jet that is capable of safely travelling over land.

NASA has completed the preliminary design review (PDR) of its Quiet Supersonic Transport (QueSST) aircraft design. NASA had forged a partnership with Lockheed Martin, in February 2016 for the QueSST preliminary design. 

With this development, NASA is a step closer to actually building an X-plane. The project falls under the ambit of NASA’s Commercial Supersonic Technology Project. Quiet Supersonic Transport (QueSST) aircraft design is the initial design stage of NASA’s planned Low Boom Flight Demonstration (LBFD) experimental airplane. 

The LBFD is also known as X-plane. QueSST design will be capable of fulfilling the LBFD aircraft’s mission objectives. NASA will be developing  LBFD aircraft to fly at supersonic speeds which will produce a soft “thump” instead of creating the disruptive sonic boom associated with supersonic flights of the present day. 

NASA has already completed testing a scale model of the QueSST design in its supersonic wind tunnel located at Glenn Research Centre in Cleveland. In the early next year, NASA will award a contract to build the piloted, single-engine X-plane.
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 7. NASA launches Rocket to produce Colourful Artificial Clouds.

The NASA has successfully launched Terrier-Improved Malemute sounding rocket that created colourful artificial clouds visible in the skies of the US. The rocket was launched from its Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia.

The rocket during the 8-minute flight had released 10 canisters about the size of a soft drink into space. It was ejected about 9 to 19 kilometres away from the 300-kg main payload. The canisters deployed blue-green and red vapour that formed artificial clouds visible in the skies of the United States from New York to North Carolina. 

The artificial clouds are formed through the interaction of barium, strontium and cupric-oxide. The vapour tracers will help in understanding the movement of the particles in the ionosphere. It will help to learn more about the movement of the air currents at that altitude. 

The artificial clouds or vapour tracers will help in understanding the movement of the particles in the ionosphere. It will help to learn more about the movement of the air currents at that altitude. 

They will permit scientists on the ground to visually track particle motions in space. The multi-canister ejection system will also help scientists to gather information over a much larger area than previously possible.  Sounding rockets have been in use for more than 40 years to carry science payloads on scientific missions that usually last five to 20 minutes. 

Sounding rockets have been in use for more than 40 years to carry science payloads on scientific missions that usually last five to 20 minutes.
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