- A.Nikhil Goud
Good wedsite nice
- NCERT Solutions
- NCERT Solutions for Class 12
- NCERT Solutions for Class 11
- NCERT Solutions for Class 10
- NCERT Solutions for Class 9
- NCERT Solutions for Class 8
- NCERT Solutions Class 8 Maths
- NCERT Solutions Class 8 Science
- NCERT Solutions Class 8 Social Science
- NCERT Solutions Class 8 Social Science Geography
- NCERT Solutions Class 8 Social Science History
- NCERT Solutions Class 8 Social Science Civics
- NCERT Solutions Class 8 English
- NCERT Solutions Class 8 English It So Happened
- NCERT Solutions Class 8 English Honeydew
- NCERT Solutions Class 8 Hindi
- NCERT Solutions Class 8 Sanskrit
- NCERT Solutions for Class 7
- NCERT Books
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sociology Chapter 2 Cultural Change
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sociology Chapter 2 Cultural Change
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sociology Chapter 2 Cultural Change is designed and prepared by the best teachers across India. All the important topics are covered in the exercises and each answer comes with a detailed explanation to help students understand concepts better. These NCERT solutions play a crucial role in your preparation for all exams conducted by the CBSE, including the JEE.
NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED
1. Write a critical essay on sanskritisation.Ans. The term 'sanskritisation' was coined by M.N. Srinivas. It may be defined as the process by which a low caste or tribe or other group takes over the customs, ritual, beliefs, ideology and style of life of a high and, in particular, a 'twice-born(dwija) caste'.
Its influence can be seen in language, literature, ideology, music, dance, drama, style of life and ritual.
It is primarily a process that takes place in the Hindu space though Srinavas argued that it was visible even in sects and religious groups outside Hinduism.
It operated differently in different regions. In those areas where a highly sanskritised caste was dominant, the entire region underwent a certain amount of Sanskritisation. In those areas, where non-sanskritic castes were dominant, it was their influence that was stronger, this can be termed as the process of 'de- sanskritisation'.
Srinivas argued that, 'the sanskritisation of a group has usually the effect of improving its position in the local caste hierarchy. It normally presupposes either an improvement in the economic or political position of the group concerned or a higher group self-consciousness resulting from its contact with a source of the 'Great Tradition' of Hinduism such as a pilgrim centre or a monastery or a proselytizing sect.”
But in India, there are many obstacles to any easy taking over of the customs of the higher caste by the lower. Traditionally, the dominant castes punished those low castes, which was audacious enough to attempt it.
Sanskritisation refers to a process whereby people want to improve their status through adoption of names and customs of culturally high-placed groups. The “reference model' is usually financially better off. In both, the aspiration to be like the higher placed group occurs only when people become wealthier.
CRITICISMS OF SANSKRITISATION
It has been criticized for exaggerating social mobility or the scope of lower castes to move up the social ladder. For it leads to no structural change but only positional change of some individuals. Inequality continues to persist though some individuals may be able to improve their position within the unequal structure.
The ideology of sanskritisation accepts the ways of the upper caste as superior and that of the lower caste as inferior. Thus, the desire to imitate the upper caste is seen as natural and desirable.
Sanskritisation seems to justify a model that rests on inequality and exclusion. It appears to suggest that to believe in pollution and purity of groups of people is justifiable or all right. Therefore, to be able to look down on some groups of people just as the upper caste looked down on the lower castes, is a mark of privilege. It shows how such discriminatory ideas become a way of life. Instead of aspiring for an equal society, the exclusion and discrimination seek to give their own meaning to their excluded status. This gives rise to an undemocratic society.
Since sanskritisation results in the adoption of upper caste rites and rituals it leads to practices of secluding girls and women, adopting dowry practices instead of bride-price and practising caste-discrimination against other groups.
The effect of such a culture is that it erodes characteristics of dalit culture and society. For example, the very worth of labour which lower castes degraded and rendered shameful. Identities based on the basis of work, crafts, artisanal ability are regarded useless.
Ans. M.N. Srinivas defines westernisation as “the changes brought about in Indian society and culture as a result of over 150 years of British rule, the term subsuming changes occurring at different levels…. technology, institutions, ideology and values.”
There were different kinds of westernisation:
One kind refers to the emergence of a westernised sub-cultural pattern through a minority section of Indian who first came in contact with the western culture. This included the sub-culture of Indian intellectuals who not only adopted many cognitive patterns or ways of thinking but also styles of life and supported its expansion,
There has been a general spread of western cultural traits such as the use of new technology, dress, food and changes in general.
Westernisation does involve the imitation of external forms of culture. It does not necessarily mean that people adopt modem values of democracy and equality.
Apart from western ways of life and thinking, the west influenced Indian art and literature. The painting of Krishna Menon family in matrilineal community in Kerala but it reflects the very typical patrilineal nuclear family of the modern west consisting of the mother, father and children.
Srinivas suggested that while lower castes' sought to be sanskritised the “upper caste' sought to be westernized. But this generalization is difficult to maintain. For example, the Thiyyas (by no means considered an upper caste) in Kerala show conscious efforts to westernize. Elite Thiyyas appropriated British culture as a move towards a more cosmopolitan life that criticised caste. Also, western education opens up new opportunities for different groups of people.
MODERNISATION
Modernity assumes that local ties and parochial perspectives give way to universal commitments and cosmopolitan attitudes;
That the truths of utility, calculation, and science takes precedence over those of the emotions, the sacred, and the non-rational;
That the individual rather that the group be the primary unity of society and politics;
That the associations in which men live and work be based on choice and not birth;
That mastery rather than fatalism orient their attitude toward the material and human environment;
That the identity be chosen and achieved, not ascribed and affirmed;
That work be separated from family, residence, and community in bureaucratic organization.
It would be simplistic to state that complex combinations are just a mix of tradition and modernity as though tradition and modernity themselves are fixed entities. Or as though India has or had only one set of traditions. Modernity and tradition are constantly being modified and redefined.
(a)Rites and secularisation
(b)Caste and secularisation
(c)Gender and sanskritisation
Ans. (a) Rites and secularisation:
It usually means a process of decline in the influence of religion.
Indicators of secularisation have referred to levels of involvement with religious organisations (like church attendance), the social and material influence of religious organization, and the degree to which people hold religious beliefs.
But the general assumption that modem societies are increasingly becoming secular may not entirely be hue.
A considerable part of ritual in India has direct reference to the pursuit of secular ends.
Rituals have secular dimensions i.e. they provide men and women occasions for socializing with their peers and superiors.
They get an opportunity to show off family's wealth, clothing and jewellery.
During the last few decades in particular, the economic, political and status dimensions of ritual have become increasingly conspicuous.
(b)Caste and Secularisation:
In traditional India, caste system operated within the religious framework.
Belief systems of purity and pollution were centred to its practice. India has seen such formation of caste associations and caste based political parties. They seem to press upon the state their demands.
Such a changed role of caste has been described as secularisation of caste.
The traditional social system in India was organised around caste structures and caste identities. In dealing with the relationship between caste and politics, however the doctrinaire moderniser suffers from a serious xenophobia.
Politicians mobilise caste groupings and identities in order to organise their power…. where there are other types of groups and other bases of association, politicians approach them as well. And as they everywhere change the form of such organizations, they change the form of caste as well.
(c)Gender and Sanskritisation:
Sanskritisation supports traditional way of life for women and it is more liberal for modernization or westernization for men.
Most of the supporters of Sanskritisation support the women life within the four walls of the houses. They support or prefer the role of women as a mother, a sister and a daughter.
They like women to follow the traditional way of marriage with the consent of parents.
Kumud Pawade as a student could enable her to read in the original what the texts have to say about women and the Dalits. As she proceeds with her studies, she meets with varied reactions ranging from surprise to hostility, from guarded acceptance to brutal rejection. As she says “I remember an expression I heard somewhere: “What comes by birth, but can't be cast off by dying—that is caste?”
Post your comments
Your mobile number will not be published.View Comments
- Raj
Good website
- Mdiqbal Mdiqbal
Use full
- Bandapalli siva ganga Devi
Super solutions
- D BALAJI
Clear explanation
- M venkata bramha chowdhary
Results
- Dumpa snehith
Ncert to prepare for eamcet or eapcer
- Gauri
Sabse khrab
- Gauri
Sabse khrab
- Prajoal
Verry good app
- Preethi kumarK
I will very happy to sovle this mcqs
- PradeepGupta
Super
- Ashwani kumar
Nice
- Ashwani kumar
Nice
- Zyan safi
Nice
- Zyan safi
Nice
- Priyanshi
Thanks sir
- Naria
Nice
- ningu
good work sir
- hs
good
- prabhakar
How to download this
- Dharmen
How to download
- Anubhav
Math all chapter MCQ best
- NIL
GOOD
- Anjali
Ncert miscellaneous question pdf
- Manjeet manjhi
Super
- Karanveer Kaur
10 class workbook English answer
- P.Ashrafbaig
My results How to check my 10th results
- Asish Kumar sahu
Pls sir show my result my admit card is missing so I request you plz show my result
- Varsha
This app is so..good it makes is understand better as we had seen many app with only answer we will not understand the method what they have done.....
- Anupam
super
- Lavanya vishawas Sonavale
Nice
- Sudha
Super cute
- Matruprasad nath
plese give me the answer for above question
- Abhiram
8th class Telugu and maths social PDF text books
- Abhiram
8th class Telugu and maths social PDF text books
- Abhiram
8th class Telugu and maths social PDF text books
- Aman
Nice
- Patil yasvitah
S the practice question papers clasfrom foranothers districts
of Karnataka 10th MCQ pattern 2021 exam 40 marks
- Ajay
Basic questions
- Nikki
How to download this pdf
- Murali
How to get free download
- Murali
How to get free download
- Murali
How to get free download
- Kurmapu rohini
How to download
- Yashvanth
S PDF
- Bhoomi
Nice this content is very helpful ....thnx a lot ..and pls expand the question there is only 58 which is less for class 10
- Omkar
How to download
- tanya shukla
hello
thankyou so much
it really helped me in my exam...........
- Ranjith
Good
- R sudha
Good
- Urvi
Teacher
- Rohit
Nice
- HARSH RAJPUT DEVSARIYA ðŸ™ðŸ™ðŸ™ðŸ™
Thanku for giving All chapter MCQ thanku you very much
- Rakesh
I need 2019 10 Class Batch Results
- Daripalli ramu
Super
- Subash Gond
McQ question all chapter
- Vandna
What,where and how lesson 1 class 6 pdf
- Yuvraj yadav
Hi
- Manasa
Good
- Gundi.sonia
Hii
- Dhanam jay
Very nice
- Tanveer
Political Science question solution
- Trilok
I like
- Anshu poonia
Superb
- Ranjan Baruah
Thank sir
- MATHURAM
Need notes
- Yadnyesh ubhad
So nice answer
- Anusha chettri
Hello
- Anusha chettri
Hello
- Jasmita Naik
Thank you very much....
Sir we need more help from you....
From other subject also we need like this questions.. So please sir kindly help us through uploading questions from science...
Please sir
- Jasmita Naik
Thank you very much....
Sir we need more help from you....
From other subject also we need like this questions.. So please sir kindly help us through uploading questions from science...
Please sir
- Mohini
Kitne time se
- Rajudutta
Excellent and reliable apps
- SALMAN
I WANT 2019 ENGLISH CBSC CLASS 3RD COURSE BOOK SYLLABUS AND SOLUTIONS
- ULRICA
It
- Rishabh Kumar
Please give me
- Chandra shekar
Mandasa
- p.harshavardhan
Ok
- Charchit
Yes they are all question are main
- Muthalagu
10 A class
- Vadde madhu
Hallo
- Veeranna
1:1 2004
- Eslavath Kalyan
Komatipalli kesamudram
- Gumma pavan kalyan
Hall ticket
- Rajudutta
Excellent solutions and easy to learn.
- VAGEESHA
NICE JOB
- Syed sayeed saaqib
10 th class marks
- P.fairoz khan
My SSC result
- Gangavarapu Ashok Reddy
10 the class 2020 markas
- Kusi Mani kumaR
2008125010
- suhailhajam
plz kindly MCQ question s
- suhailhajam
plz kindly MCQ question s
- Koripalli. Bindu ramya
Inter results second year
- Faizan
Beautiful
- K. Umesh Chandra
Please release 10th results
- Surra naidu
S me result
- Lakpathi
Cbse resuls
- S.sravani
CBSE 10th class result
- Gundrathi Mohan
S me results
- Gundrathi Mohan
S me results
- suhailhajam
plz kindly MCQ question s
- chandar
chan
- suhailhajam
plz kindly MCQ question s
- Kaustab Roy
I want to explore everything
- Anup
Workbook unit 1 exercise solution
- Khushdeep Kaur
I want pdf of MCQ class 10th C.B.S.E
- Saddam
Kindly s me 10 maths mcq question answer
- SADDAM
SEND ME
- Bed prakash
Mera result
- palla sivaram
haiii
- Dany
NCERT Solutions Very Good I Like It
- laxman
good
- Bhanusam.manjula
Ssc 2007batch regular halltichet number
- Ramu
NCERT Solutions
- Kalamata gowriswari
Open 10th result 2019ap
- Nagra rayal
Yappudu 10th reselts
- Yanati nagarani
10th result
- NAGESWARA
How can see ssc ap 10th results
- m.kalyani
10th result
- Naveen
10th results
- Sri kesav
Please tell me the correct date of AP ssc results
- K. Sudhakar
Plz 10th result
- V pawan durga sriniva
Please 10th cbsc results
- V pawan durga sriniva
Please 10th cbsc results
- Charan
Result ssc
- Ayesha
At. What time did exam results will come?
- Vadithya suresh
Results
- VANKUDOTH pavan kalyan
Results
- C H VAISHAVI
Cbse result by name
- varunsai sanne
Xth results 2018
- varunsai sanne
Xth results 2018
- Yalagala Srihari
Exam results
- Alpesh Dhamale
Nice article my baby wait for exam result i hope this year pass percentage may be increase
- m. mohan rao
hi, s me cbse 10 class 2018 results
- akshaya
at what time resilts are going to today
- Velupala Ashwarya
My result
- Ramu
good information