NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science The End of Bipolarity
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science The End of Bipolarity
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science The End of Bipolarity is designed and prepared by the best teachers across India. All the important topics are covered in the exercises and each answer comes with a detailed explanation to help students understand concepts better. These NCERT solutions play a crucial role in your preparation for all exams conducted by the CBSE, including the JEE.
NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED
1. When did Socialist Revolution take place in Russia?Ans. 1917.
2. What was Shock Therapy?Ans. Shock Therapy was the transitional form from authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system in Russia, Central Asia and East Europe under the influence of the World Bank and IMF.
3. What was the largest garage sale in history?Ans. Largest garage sale in history was resulted due to shock therapy to undervalue the valuable industries of the USSR to sell them at throwaway prices.
4. What was the immediate cause of disintegration of USSR?Ans. The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republic (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), Ukraine, Georgia and others proved to be the most immediate cause for disintegration of the USSR.
5. What was Socialist Bloc?Ans. The Second World countries or the group of east European countries who were liberated from fascist forces, followed the model of the USSR, known as Socialist Bloc.
6. What is the new name of former USSR?Ans. Russia.
7. When did the Berlin Wall fall?Ans. November 1989.
8. Who was the General Secretary of Communist Party of Soviet Union in 1985?Ans. Mikhail Gorbachev.
9. Mention the role of Boris Yeltsin in the disintegration of the USSR.Ans. Superpowers maintained arms control by signing significant agreements within a decade as Limited Test Ban Treaty, Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty, Anti- Ballistic Missile Treaty and hold several rounds of arms limitation talks.
Ans. Commonwealth of Independent States.
11. What is meant by Shock Therapy?Ans. The 'Shock Therapy' was the state of affairs which signifies the collapse of communism followed by a painful process of transition from an authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system-
1. 'Shock Therapy' administered in the year 1900 not to lead the people into the promised utopia of mass consumption.
2. It brought ruin to economies and disaster upon the people of entire region.
Ans. 1. The Soviet Political System central around the Communist Party and no other political party or opposition was allowed.
2. The economy was planned and controlled by the state only.
(Or)
The one party system had tight control over all institutions and was unaccountable to people.
3. People locked democracy and were snatched away their right to freedom of speech and expression.
Ans. Collapse of Berlin Wall unified the
divided Germany and eight east European countries of the Soviet Bloc replaced their Communist government resulting into disintegration of Soviet Union. With the disintegration of Soviet Union, military alliances came to an end and the world became unipolar.
Ans. The Soviet Union lagged behind the West in technology, infrastructure (transport, power etc.) as it could not cope with the political and economic aspirations of people and resulted in:
1. Though wages continued to grow but productivity and technology fell considerably behind that of the West.
2. This led to shortage of consumer goods and increased food import every year.
3. The above mentioned reasons made the Soviet economy stagnant.
Ans. 1. Soviet Society gave priority to the state and party institutions only.
2. Only the Communist Party was ruling over there and no opposition was allowed.
3. The economy was planned and controlled by the state only.
4. The Soviet Union became the great power after the Second World War.