Events |
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303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I orders the building of a new Orthodox Christian basilica in Constantinople – the Hagia Sophia. 1455 – Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western book printed with movable type. 1554 – Mapuche forces, under the leadership of Lautaro, score a victory over the Spanish at the Battle of Marihueñu in Chile. 1739 – At York Castle, the outlaw Dick Turpin is identified by his former schoolteacher. Turpin had been using the name Richard Palmer. 1778 – American Revolutionary War: Baron von Steuben arrives at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania to help to train the Continental Army. 1820 – Cato Street Conspiracy: A plot to murder all the British cabinet ministers is exposed. 1836 – Texas Revolution: The Siege of the Alamo (prelude to the Battle of the Alamo) begins in San Antonio, Texas. 1847 – Mexican–American War: Battle of Buena Vista: In Mexico, American troops under future president General Zachary Taylor defeat Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna. 1854 – The official independence of the Orange Free State is declared. 1861 – President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, D.C., after the thwarting of an alleged assassination plot in Baltimore, Maryland. 1870 – Reconstruction Era: Post-U.S. Civil War military control of Mississippi ends and it is readmitted to the Union. 1883 – Alabama becomes the first U.S. state to enact an anti-trust law. 1885 – Sino-French War: French Army gains an important victory in the Battle of Đồng Đăng in the Tonkin region of Vietnam. 1886 – Charles Martin Hall produced the first samples of man-made aluminum, after several years of intensive work. He was assisted in this project by his older sister, Julia Brainerd Hall. 1887 – The French Riviera is hit by a large earthquake, killing around 2,000. 1898 – Émile Zola is imprisoned in France after writing "J'accuse", a letter accusing the French government of antisemitism and wrongfully imprisoning Captain Alfred Dreyfus. 1900 – Second Boer War: During the Battle of the Tugela Heights, the first British attempt to take Hart's Hill fails. 1903 – Cuba leases Guantánamo Bay to the United States "in perpetuity". 1905 – Chicago attorney Paul Harris and three other businessmen meet for lunch to form the Rotary Club, the world's first service club. 1909 – The AEA Silver Dart makes the first powered flight in Canada and the British Empire. 1917 – First demonstrations in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The beginning of the February Revolution (March 8 in the Gregorian calendar). 1927 – U.S. President Calvin Coolidge signs a bill by Congress establishing the Federal Radio Commission (later replaced by the Federal Communications Commission) which was to regulate the use of radio frequencies in the United States. 1927 – German theoretical physicist Werner Heisenberg writes a letter to fellow physicist Wolfgang Pauli, in which he describes his uncertainty principle for the first time. 1934 – Leopold III becomes King of Belgium. 1941 – Plutonium is first produced and isolated by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg. 1942 – World War II: Japanese submarines fire artillery shells at the coastline near Santa Barbara, California. 1943 – A fire breaks out at Saint Joseph's Orphanage, County Cavan, Ireland, killing 35 children and one adult. 1943 – Greek Resistance: The United Panhellenic Organization of Youth is founded in Greece. 1944 – The Soviet Union begins the forced deportation of the Chechen and Ingush people from the North Caucasus to Central Asia. 1945 – World War II: During the Battle of Iwo Jima, a group of United States Marines and a U.S. Navy hospital corpsman reach the top of Mount Suribachi on the island and are photographed raising the American flag. 1945 – World War II: The 11th Airborne Division, with Filipino guerrillas, free the captives of the Los Baños internment camp. 1945 – World War II: The capital of the Philippines, Manila, is liberated by combined Filipino and American forces. 1945 – World War II: Capitulation of German garrison in Poznań. The city is liberated by Soviet and Polish forces. 1945 – World War II: The German town of Pforzheim is annihilated in a raid by 379 British bombers. 1954 – The first mass inoculation of children against polio with the Salk vaccine begins in Pittsburgh. 1966 – In Syria, Ba'ath Party member Salah Jadid leads an intra-party military coup that replaces the previous government of General Amin al-Hafiz, also a Baathist. 1974 – The Symbionese Liberation Army demands $4 million more to release kidnap victim Patty Hearst. 1980 – Iran hostage crisis: Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini states that Iran's parliament will decide the fate of the American embassy hostages. 1981 – In Spain, Antonio Tejero attempts a coup d'état by capturing the Spanish Congress of Deputies. 1983 – The United States Environmental Protection Agency announces its intent to buy out and evacuate the dioxin-contaminated community of Times Beach, Missouri. 1987 – Supernova 1987a is seen in the Large Magellanic Cloud. 1991 – In Thailand, General Sunthorn Kongsompong leads a bloodless coup d'état, deposing Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan. 1998 – In the United States, tornadoes in central Florida destroy or damage 2,600 structures and kill 42 people. 1999 – Kurdish rebel leader Abdullah Öcalan is charged with treason in Ankara, Turkey. 2007 – A train derails on an evening express service near Grayrigg, Cumbria, England, killing one person and injuring 88. This results in hundreds of points being checked over the UK after a few similar accidents. 2008 – A United States Air Force B-2 Spirit bomber crashes on Guam, marking the first operational loss of a B-2. 2010 – Unknown criminals pour more than 2.5 million liters of diesel oil and other hydrocarbons into the river Lambro, in northern Italy, sparking an environmental disaster. 2012 – A series of attacks across Iraq leave at least 83 killed and more than 250 injured. 2017 – The Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army captures Al-Bab from ISIL. |
Births |
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1417 – Pope Paul II (d. 1471) 1417 – Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1479) 1443 – Matthias Corvinus, Hungarian king (d. 1490) 1529 – Onofrio Panvinio, Italian historian (d. 1568) 1539 – Henry XI of Legnica, thrice Duke of Legnica (d. 1588) 1539 – Salima Sultan Begum, Empress of the Mughal Empire (d. 1612) 1583 – Jean-Baptiste Morin, French mathematician, astrologer, and astronomer (d. 1656) 1592 – Balthazar Gerbier, Dutch painter (d. 1663) 1633 – Samuel Pepys, English diarist and politician (d. 1703) 1646 – Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shogun (d. 1709) 1680 – Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville, Canadian politician, 2nd Colonial Governor of Louisiana (d. 1767) 1685 – George Frideric Handel, German-English organist and composer (d. 1759) 1723 – Richard Price, Welsh-English minister and philosopher (d. 1791) 1744 – Mayer Amschel Rothschild, German banker and businessman (d. 1812) 1831 – Hendrik Willem Mesdag, Dutch painter (d. 1915) 1840 – Carl Menger, Austrian economist and educator (d. 1921) 1842 – Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann, German philosopher and author (d. 1906) 1850 – César Ritz, Swiss businessman, founded The Ritz Hotel, London and Hôtel Ritz Paris (d. 1918) 1868 – W. E. B. Du Bois, American sociologist, historian, and activist (d. 1963) 1868 – Anna Hofman-Uddgren, Swedish actress, singer, and director (d. 1947) 1873 – Liang Qichao, Chinese journalist, philosopher, and scholar (d. 1929) 1874 – Konstantin Päts, Estonian lawyer and politician, 1st President of Estonia (d. 1956) 1878 – Kazimir Malevich, Ukrainian painter and theorist (d. 1935) 1883 – Karl Jaspers, German-Swiss psychiatrist and philosopher (d. 1969) 1883 – Guy C. Wiggins, American painter (d. 1962) 1889 – Musidora, French actress and director (d. 1957) 1889 – Cyril Delevanti, English-American actor (d. 1975) 1889 – Victor Fleming, American director, cinematographer, and producer (d. 1949) 1889 – John Gilbert Winant, American captain, pilot, and politician, 60th Governor of New Hampshire (d. 1947) 1892 – Kathleen Harrison, English actress (d. 1995) 1894 – Harold Horder, Australian rugby league player and coach (d. 1978) 1899 – Erich Kästner, German author and poet (d. 1974) 1899 – Norman Taurog, American director and screenwriter (d. 1981) 1904 – Terence Fisher, English director and screenwriter (d. 1980) 1904 – William L. Shirer, American journalist and historian (d. 1993) 1908 – William McMahon, Australian lawyer and politician, 20th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1988) 1915 – Jon Hall, American actor and director (d. 1979) 1915 – Paul Tibbets, American general and pilot (d. 2007) 1919 – Johnny Carey, Irish footballer and manager (d. 1995) 1920 – Paul Gérin-Lajoie, Canadian lawyer and politician 1923 – Rafael Addiego Bruno, Uruguayan jurist and politician, President of Uruguay (d. 2014) 1923 – Ioannis Grivas, Greek judge and politician, 176th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2016) 1923 – Dante Lavelli, American football player (d. 2009) 1923 – Mary Francis Shura, American author (d. 1991) 1924 – Allan McLeod Cormack, South-African-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998) 1925 – Louis Stokes, American lawyer and politician (d. 2015) 1927 – Régine Crespin, French soprano and actress (d. 2007) 1928 – Hans Herrmann, German race car driver 1928 – Vasily Lazarev, Russian colonel, physician, and astronaut (d. 1990) 1929 – Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow (d. 2008) 1929 – Elston Howard, American baseball player and coach (d. 1980) 1930 – Paul West, English-American author, poet, and academic (d. 2015) 1931 – Tom Wesselmann, American painter and sculptor (d. 2004) 1932 – Majel Barrett, American actress and producer (d. 2008) 1937 – Tom Osborne, American football player, coach, and politician 1938 – Paul Morrissey, American director, producer, and screenwriter 1938 – Diane Varsi, American actress (d. 1992) 1940 – Peter Fonda, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1940 – Jackie Smith, American football player 1941 – Ron Hunt, American baseball player 1943 – Fred Biletnikoff, American football player and coach 1943 – Bobby Mitchell, American golfer 1944 – Bernard Cornwell, English author and educator 1944 – Florian Fricke, German keyboard player and composer (d. 2001) 1944 – Johnny Winter, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2014) 1945 – Allan Boesak, South African cleric and politician 1946 – Rusty Young, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1947 – Pia Kjærsgaard, Danish politician, Speaker of the Danish Parliament 1947 – Anton Mosimann, Swiss chef and author 1948 – Bill Alexander, English director and producer 1948 – Trevor Cherry, English footballer 1948 – Steve Priest, English singer-songwriter and bass player 1949 – César Aira, Argentinian author and translator 1949 – Marc Garneau, Canadian engineer, astronaut, and politician 1950 – Rebecca Goldstein, American philosopher and author 1951 – Eddie Dibbs, American tennis player 1951 – Ed "Too Tall" Jones, American football player and boxer 1951 – Patricia Richardson, American actress 1952 – Brad Whitford, American guitarist and songwriter 1953 – Kenny Bee, Hong Kong singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor 1953 – Satoru Nakajima, Japanese race car driver 1954 – Rajini Thiranagama, Sri Lankan physician and academic (d. 1989) 1954 – Viktor Yushchenko, Ukrainian captain and politician, 3rd President of Ukraine 1955 – Howard Jones, English singer-songwriter 1955 – Flip Saunders, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015) 1956 – Sandra Osborne, Scottish politician 1958 – David Sylvian, English singer-songwriter 1959 – Clayton Anderson, American engineer and astronaut 1959 – Nick de Bois, English politician 1959 – Ian Liddell-Grainger, Scottish soldier and politician 1959 – Linda Nolan, Irish singer and actress 1960 – Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan 1962 – Michael Wilton, American guitarist 1963 – Bobby Bonilla, American baseball player 1963 – Radosław Sikorski, Polish journalist and politician, 11th Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland 1964 – John Norum, Norwegian guitarist and songwriter 1965 – Michael Dell, American businessman 1965 – Helena Suková, Czech-Monacan tennis player 1967 – Steve Stricker, American golfer 1967 – Chris Vrenna, American drummer, songwriter, and producer 1969 – Michael Campbell, New Zealand-Australian golfer 1969 – Martine Croxall, English journalist and television news presenter 1969 – Daymond John, American fashion designer and businessman, founded FUBU 1970 – Niecy Nash, American actress and producer 1971 – Carin Koch, Swedish golfer 1971 – Melinda Messenger, English model and television host 1971 – Joe-Max Moore, American soccer player 1972 – Alessandro Sturba, Italian footballer 1972 – Rondell White, American baseball player 1973 – Jeff Nordgaard, American-Polish basketball player 1974 – Herschelle Gibbs, South African cricketer 1974 – Robbi Kempson, South African rugby player 1975 – Michael Cornacchia, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1976 – Scott Elarton, American baseball player and coach 1976 – Kelly Macdonald, Scottish actress 1976 – Jeff O'Neill, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster 1977 – Kristina Šmigun-Vähi, Estonian skier 1978 – Residente, Puerto Rican-American singer-songwriter 1978 – Dan Snyder, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2003) 1979 – S. E. Cupp, American journalist and author 1981 – Gareth Barry, English footballer 1981 – Josh Gad, American actor, producer, and screenwriter 1981 – Charles Tillman, American football player 1982 – Adam Hann-Byrd, American actor and screenwriter 1983 – Mido, Egyptian footballer and sportscaster 1983 – Aziz Ansari, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter 1983 – Emily Blunt, English actress 1986 – Emerson Conceição, Brazilian footballer 1986 – Skylar Grey, American singer-songwriter 1986 – Kazuya Kamenashi, Japanese singer-songwriter and actor 1986 – Jerod Mayo, American football player 1986 – Ola Svensson, Swedish singer-songwriter 1987 – Ab-Soul, American rapper 1987 – Theophilus London, Trinidadian-American singer-songwriter and producer 1987 – Zak Kirkup, Member of the Parliament of Western Australia 1988 – Nicolás Gaitán, Argentinian footballer 1989 – Evan Bates, American ice dancer 1989 – Jérémy Pied, French footballer 1990 – Kevin Connauton, Canadian ice hockey player 1990 – Terry Hawkridge, English footballer 1990 – Marco Scandella, Canadian ice hockey player 1992 – Casemiro, Brazilian footballer 1992 – Kyriakos Papadopoulos, Greek footballer 1993 – Chris Grevsmuhl, Australian rugby league player 1994 – Dakota Fanning, American actress 1995 – Andrew Wiggins, Canadian basketball player |
Deaths |
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715 – Al-Walid I, Umayyad caliph (b. 668) 908 – Li Keyong, Shatuo military governor during the Tang Dynasty in China (b. 856) 943 – Herbert II, Count of Vermandois, (b. 884) 943 – David I, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia) 1011 – Willigis, German archbishop (b. 940) 1100 – Emperor Zhezong of Song (b. 1076) 1270 – Isabel of France (b. 1225) 1447 – Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (b. 1390) 1447 – Pope Eugene IV (b. 1383) 1464 – Emperor Yingzong of Ming (b. 1427) 1473 – Arnold, Duke of Gelderland (b. 1410) 1526 – Diego Colón, Spanish Viceroy of the Indies (b. c. 1479) 1554 – Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Leicestershire (b. 1515) 1603 – Andrea Cesalpino, Italian philosopher, physician, and botanist (b. 1519) 1603 – Franciscus Vieta, French mathematician (b. 1540) 1620 – Nicholas Fuller, English politician (b. 1543) 1704 – Georg Muffat, French organist and composer (b. 1653) 1766 – Stanisław Leszczyński, Polish king (b. 1677) 1781 – George Taylor, Irish-American blacksmith and politician (b. 1716) 1792 – Joshua Reynolds, English painter and academic (b. 1723) 1821 – John Keats, English poet (b. 1795) 1848 – John Quincy Adams, American politician, 6th President of the United States (b. 1767) 1855 – Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician, astronomer, and physicist (b. 1777) 1859 – Zygmunt Krasiński, Polish poet and playwright (b. 1812) 1879 – Albrecht von Roon, Prussian soldier and politician, 10th Minister President of Prussia (b. 1803) 1897 – Woldemar Bargiel, German composer and educator (b. 1828) 1900 – Ernest Dowson, English poet, novelist, and short story writer (b. 1867) 1908 – Friedrich von Esmarch, German surgeon and academic (b. 1823) 1918 – Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1882) 1930 – Horst Wessel, German SA officer (b. 1907) 1931 – Nellie Melba, Australian soprano and actress (b. 1861) 1934 – Edward Elgar, English composer and academic (b. 1857) 1944 – Leo Baekeland, Belgian-American chemist and engineer (b. 1863) 1946 – Tomoyuki Yamashita, Japanese general (b. 1885) 1948 – John Robert Gregg, Irish-American publisher and educator (b. 1866) 1955 – Paul Claudel, French poet and playwright (b. 1868) 1965 – Stan Laurel, English actor and comedian (b. 1890) 1969 – Madhubala, Indian actress and producer (b. 1933) 1969 – Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, 2nd King of Saudi Arabia (b. 1902) 1973 – Dickinson W. Richards, American physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895) 1974 – Harry Ruby, American composer and screenwriter (b. 1895) 1976 – L. S. Lowry, English painter (b. 1887) 1979 – W. A. C. Bennett, Canadian businessman and politician, 25th Premier of British Columbia (b. 1900) 1983 – Herbert Howells, English organist and composer (b. 1892) 1990 – José Napoleón Duarte, Salvadoran engineer and politician, President of El Salvador (b. 1925) 1995 – James Herriot, English veterinarian and author (b. 1916) 1997 – Tony Williams, American drummer, composer, and producer (b. 1945) 1998 – Philip Abbott, American actor and director (b. 1924) 1999 – The Renegade, American wrestler (b. 1965) 2000 – Ofra Haza, Israeli singer-songwriter and actress (b. 1957) 2000 – Stanley Matthews, English footballer and manager (b. 1915) 2003 – Howie Epstein, American bass player, songwriter, and producer (b. 1955) 2003 – Robert K. Merton, American sociologist and academic (b. 1910) 2004 – Vijay Anand, Indian director, producer, screenwriter, and actor (b. 1934) 2004 – Sikander Bakht, Indian politician, Indian Minister of External Affairs (b. 1918) 2006 – Telmo Zarra, Spanish footballer (b. 1921) 2007 – John Ritchie, English footballer (b. 1941) 2008 – Janez Drnovšek, Slovenian economist and politician, 2nd President of Slovenia (b. 1950) 2008 – Paul Frère, Belgian race car driver and journalist (b. 1917) 2010 – Orlando Zapata, Cuban plumber and activist (b. 1967) 2011 – Nirmala Srivastava, Indian religious leader, founded Sahaja Yoga (b. 1923) 2012 – William Raggio, American lawyer and politician (b. 1926) 2012 – David Sayre, American physicist and mathematician (b. 1924) 2012 – Kazimierz Żygulski, Polish sociologist and activist (b. 1919) 2013 – Eugene Bookhammer, American soldier and politician, 18th Lieutenant Governor of Delaware (b. 1918) 2013 – Julien Ries, Belgian cardinal (b. 1920) 2013 – Lotika Sarkar, Indian lawyer and academic (b. 1945) 2014 – Alice Herz-Sommer, Czech-English Holocaust survivor, pianist and educator (b. 1903) 2014 – Roger Hilsman, American soldier, academic, and politician (b. 1919) 2015 – James Aldridge, Australian-English journalist and author (b. 1918) 2015 – Rana Bhagwandas, Pakistani lawyer and judge, Chief Justice of Pakistan (b. 1942) 2015 – W. E. "Bill" Dykes, American soldier and politician (b. 1925) 2016 – Peter Lustig, German television host and author (b. 1937) 2016 – Jacqueline Mattson, American baseball player (b. 1928) |
| Manabadi Team | Sudhakar |
