Events |
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AD 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor.[1] 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empire.[2] 533 – Mercurius becomes Pope John II, the first pope to adopt a new name upon elevation to the papacy.[3] 1492 – Reconquista: The Emirate of Granada, the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, surrenders.[4] 1680 – Trunajaya rebellion: Amangkurat II of Mataram and his bodyguards execute the rebel leader Trunajaya.[5] a month after the rebel leader was captured by the Dutch East India Company. 1777 – American Revolutionary War: American forces under the command of George Washington repulsed a British attack at the Battle of the Assunpink Creek near Trenton, New Jersey.[6] 1788 – Georgia becomes the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution.[7] 1791 – Big Bottom massacre in the Ohio Country, North America, marking the beginning of the Northwest Indian War.[8] 1818 – The British Institution of Civil Engineers is founded by a group of six engineers; Thomas Telford would later become its first president.[9] 1833 – Captain James Onslow, in the Clio, arrives at Port Egmont to reassert British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands.[10] 1865 – Uruguayan War: The Siege of Paysandú ends as the Brazilians and Coloradans capture Paysandú, Uruguay.[11] 1900 – American statesman and diplomat John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote trade with China.[12] 1905 – Russo-Japanese War: The Russian garrison surrenders at Port Arthur, China. 1920 – The second Palmer Raid, ordered by the US Department of Justice, results in 6,000 suspected communists and anarchists being arrested and held without trial.[13] 1941 – World War II: German bombing severely damages the Llandaff Cathedral in Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.[14] 1942 – The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) obtains the conviction of 33 members of a German spy ring headed by Fritz Joubert Duquesne in the largest espionage case in United States history—the Duquesne Spy Ring.[15] 1942 – World War II: Manila is captured by Japanese forces, enabling them to control the Philippines.[16] 1949 – Luis Muñoz Marín is inaugurated as the first democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico.[17] 1954 – India establishes its highest civilian awards, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan.[18] 1955 – Following the assassination of the Panamanian president José Antonio Remón Cantera, his deputy, José Ramón Guizado, takes power, but is quickly deposed after his involvement in Cantera's death is discovered.[19] 1959 – Luna 1, the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon and to orbit the Sun, is launched by the Soviet Union.[20] 1963 – Vietnam War: The Viet Cong wins its first major victory, at the Battle of Ap Bac.[21] 1967 – Ronald Reagan, past movie actor and future President of the United States, is sworn in as Governor of California.[22] 1971 – The second Ibrox disaster kills 66 fans at a Rangers-Celtic association football (soccer) match.[23] 1974 – United States President Richard Nixon signs a bill lowering the maximum U.S. speed limit to 55 MPH in order to conserve gasoline during an OPEC embargo.[24] 1975 – At the opening of a new railway line, a bomb blast at Samastipur, Bihar, India, fatally wounds Lalit Narayan Mishra, Minister of Railways.[25] 1975 – The Federal Rules of Evidence are approved by the United States Congress.[26] 1976 – The Gale of January 1976 begins, resulting in coastal flooding around the southern North Sea coasts, affecting countries from Ireland to Yugoslavia and causing at least 82 deaths and US$1.3 billion in damage.[27] 1978 – On the orders of the President of Pakistan, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, paramilitary forces opened fire on peaceful protesting workers in Multan, Pakistan; it is known as 1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills.[28] 1981 – One of the largest investigations by a British police force ends when serial killer Peter Sutcliffe, the "Yorkshire Ripper", is arrested in Sheffield, South Yorkshire.[29] 1991 – Sharon Pratt Kelly becomes the first African American woman mayor of a major city and first woman Mayor of the District of Columbia.[30] 1993 – Sri Lankan Civil War: The Sri Lanka Navy kill 35–100 civilians on the Jaffna Lagoon.[31] 2004 – Stardust successfully flies past Comet Wild 2, collecting samples that are returned to Earth.[32] |
Births |
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869 – Yōzei, Japanese emperor (d. 949)[33] 1462 – Piero di Cosimo, Italian painter (d. 1522)[34] 1509 – Henry of Stolberg, German nobleman (d. 1572)[35] 1642 – Mehmed IV, Ottoman sultan (d. 1693)[36] 1647 – Nathaniel Bacon, English-American rebel leader (d. 1676)[37] 1699 – Osman III, Ottoman sultan (d. 1757)[38] 1713 – Marie Dumesnil, French actress (d. 1803)[39] 1727 – James Wolfe, English general (d. 1759)[40] 1732 – František Brixi, Czech organist and composer (d. 1771)[41] 1777 – Christian Daniel Rauch, German sculptor and educator (d. 1857)[42] 1803 – Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja, Italian mathematician and academic (d. 1869)[43] 1822 – Rudolf Clausius, Polish-German physicist and mathematician (d. 1888)[44] 1827 – Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky, Russian geographer and statistician (d. 1914)[45] 1833 – Frederick A. Johnson, American banker and politician (d. 1893)[46] 1836 – Mendele Mocher Sforim, Russian author (d. 1917)[47] 1836 – Queen Emma of Hawaii (d. 1885)[48] 1837 – Mily Balakirev, Russian pianist and composer (d. 1910)[49] 1857 – M. Carey Thomas, American educator and activist (d. 1935)[50] 1860 – Dugald Campbell Patterson, Canadian engineer (d. 1931)[51] 1860 – William Corless Mills, American historian and curator (d. 1928)[52] 1866 – Gilbert Murray, Australian-English playwright and scholar (d. 1957)[53] 1870 – Ernst Barlach, German sculptor and playwright (d. 1938)[54] 1870 – Tex Rickard, American boxing promoter and businessman (d. 1929)[55] 1873 – Antonie Pannekoek, Dutch astronomer and theorist (d. 1960)[56] 1873 – Thérèse of Lisieux, French nun and saint (d. 1897)[57] 1878 – Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai, Indian activist, founded the Nair Service Society (d. 1970)[58] 1884 – Ben-Zion Dinur, Russian-Israeli historian and politician, 4th Israeli Minister of Education (d. 1973)[59] 1885 – Gordon Flowerdew, Canadian lieutenant, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1918)[60] 1886 – Apsley Cherry-Garrard, English explorer and author (d. 1959)[61] 1889 – Bertram Stevens, Australian accountant and politician, 25th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1973)[62] 1891 – Giovanni Michelucci, Italian architect and urban planner, designed the Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station (d. 1990)[63] 1892 – Seiichiro Kashio, Japanese tennis player (d. 1962)[64] 1892 – Artur Rodziński, Polish-American conductor (d. 1958)[65] 1895 – Folke Bernadotte, Swedish diplomat (d. 1948)[66] 1896 – Dziga Vertov, Polish-Russian director and screenwriter (d. 1954)[67] 1896 – Lawrence Wackett, Australian commander and engineer (d. 1982)[68] 1897 – Theodore Plucknett, English legal historian (d. 1965)[69] 1900 – Una Ledingham, British physician, known for research on diabetes in pregnancy (d. 1965)[70] 1901 – Bob Marshall, American activist, co-founded The Wilderness Society (d. 1939)[71] 1902 – Dan Keating, Irish Republican Army volunteer (d. 2007)[72] 1903 – Kane Tanaka, Japanese supercentenarian, oldest verified living person[73] 1904 – Walter Heitler, German physicist and chemist (d. 1981)[74] 1905 – Luigi Zampa, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 1991)[75] 1905 – Michael Tippett, English composer and conductor (d. 1998)[76] 1909 – Barry Goldwater, American politician, businessman, and author (d. 1998)[77] 1909 – Riccardo Cassin, Italian mountaineer and author (d. 2009)[78] 1913 – Anna Lee, English-American actress (d. 2004)[79] 1913 – Juanita Jackson Mitchell, American lawyer and activist (d. 1992)[80] 1917 – Vera Zorina, German-Norwegian actress and dancer (d. 2003)[81] 1918 – Willi Graf, German physician and activist (d. 1943)[82] 1919 – Beatrice Hicks, American engineer (d. 1979)[83] 1921 – Glen Harmon, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2007)[84] 1925 – William J. Crowe, American admiral and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (d. 2007) 1927 – Gino Marchetti, American football player (d. 2019)[85] 1928 – Dan Rostenkowski, American politician (d. 2010)[86] 1929 – Tellervo Koivisto, Finnish politician, former First Lady of Finland[87] 1931 – Toshiki Kaifu, Japanese lawyer and politician, 76th Prime Minister of Japan[88] 1934 – John Hollowbread, English Footballer, goalkeeper (d. 2007)[89] 1936 – Roger Miller, American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor (d. 1992)[90] 1938 – David Bailey, English photographer and painter[91] 1938 – Lynn Conway, American computer scientist and electrical engineer[92] 1938 – Robert Smithson, American sculptor and photographer (d. 1973)[93] 1940 – Jim Bakker, American televangelist[94] 1940 – Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Arabian economist and politician, Saudi Arabian Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2015) 1942 – Dennis Hastert, American educator and politician, 59th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives 1942 – Thomas Hammarberg, Swedish lawyer and diplomat[95] 1943 – Janet Akyüz Mattei, Turkish-American astronomer (d. 2004)[96] 1944 – Charlie Davis, Trinidadian cricketer[97] 1944 – Norodom Ranariddh, Cambodian field marshal and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Cambodia[98] 1944 – Péter Eötvös, Hungarian composer and conductor[99] 1947 – Calvin Hill, American football player[100] 1947 – David Shapiro, American poet, historian, and critic[101] 1947 – Jack Hanna, American zoologist and author[102] 1949 – Christopher Durang, American playwright and screenwriter[103] 1949 – Iris Marion Young, American political scientist and academic (d. 2006)[104] 1952 – Indulis Emsis, Latvian biologist and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Latvia[105] 1954 – Henry Bonilla, American broadcaster and politician[106] 1954 – Évelyne Trouillot, Haitian playwright and author[107] 1959 – Kirti Azad, Indian cricketer and politician[108] 1961 – Craig James, American football player and sportscaster[109] 1961 – Gabrielle Carteris, American actress[110] 1961 – Paula Hamilton, English model [111] 1961 – Robert Wexler, American lawyer and politician[112] 1963 – David Cone, American baseball player and sportscaster[113] 1963 – Edgar Martínez, American baseball player[114] 1964 – Pernell Whitaker, American boxer (d. 2019)[115] 1965 – Francois Pienaar, South African rugby player[116] 1967 – Jón Gnarr, Icelandic actor and politician; 20th Mayor of Reykjavik City[117] 1967 – Tia Carrere, American actress[118] 1968 – Anky van Grunsven, Dutch dressage champion[119] 1968 – Cuba Gooding, Jr., American actor and producer[120] 1969 – Christy Turlington, American model[121] 1969 – István Bagyula, Hungarian pole vaulter[122] 1969 – William Fox-Pitt, English horse rider and journalist[123] 1970 – Eric Whitacre, American composer and conductor[124] 1971 – Renée Elise Goldsberry, American actress[125] 1972 – Mattias Norström, Swedish ice hockey player and manager[126] 1972 – Rodney MacDonald, Canadian educator and politician, 26th Premier of Nova Scotia[127] 1974 – Ludmila Formanová, Czech runner[128] 1974 – Tomáš Řepka, Czech footballer[129] 1975 – Reuben Thorne, New Zealand rugby player[130] 1977 – Brian Boucher, American ice hockey player and sportscaster[131] 1977 – Stefan Koubek, Austrian tennis player[132] 1979 – Jonathan Greening English footballer[133] 1981 – Maxi Rodríguez, Argentinian footballer[134] 1983 – Kate Bosworth, American actress[135] 1987 – Robert Milsom, English footballer[136] 1988 – Damien Tussac, French-German rugby player[137] 1992 – Korbin Sims, Australian-Fijian rugby league player[138] 1992 – Paulo Gazzaniga, Argentinian footballer, goalkeeper[139] 1998 – Timothy Fosu-Mensah, Dutch footballer[140] |
Deaths |
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951 – Liu Chengyou, Emperor Yin of the Later Han[141] 951 – Su Fengji, Chinese official and chancellor[141] 1096 – William de St-Calais, Bishop of Durham and chief counsellor of William II of England[142] 1169 – Bertrand de Blanchefort, sixth Grand Master of the Knights Templar (b. c. 1109)[143] 1184 – Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria, daughter of Andronikos Komnenos[144] 1298 – Lodomer, Hungarian prelate, Archbishop of Esztergom[145] 1470 – Heinrich Reuß von Plauen, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order[146] 1512 – Svante Nilsson, Sweden politician (b. 1460)[147] 1514 – William Smyth, English bishop and academic (b. 1460)[148] 1543 – Francesco Canova da Milano, Italian composer (b. 1497)[149] 1557 – Pontormo, Italian painter and educator (b. 1494)[150] 1613 – Salima Sultan Begum, Empress of the Mughal Empire (b. 1539)[151] 1614 – Luisa Carvajal y Mendoza, Spanish mystical poet and Catholic martyr (b. 1566)[152] 1726 – Domenico Zipoli, Italian organist and composer (b. 1688)[153] 1763 – John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, English statesman (b. 1690)[154] 1850 – Manuel de la Peña y Peña, Mexican lawyer and 20th President (1847) (b. 1789)[155] 1861 – Frederick William IV of Prussia (b. 1795)[156] 1892 – George Biddell Airy, English mathematician and astronomer (b. 1801)[157] 1904 – James Longstreet, American general and diplomat (b. 1821)[158] 1913 – Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b. 1855)[159] 1915 – Karl Goldmark, Hungarian violinist and composer (b. 1830)[59] 1917 – Léon Flameng, French cyclist (b. 1877)[160] 1920 – Paul Adam, French author (b. 1862)[161] 1924 – Sabine Baring-Gould, English author and scholar (b. 1834)[162] 1939 – Roman Dmowski, Polish politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1864)[163] 1941 – Mischa Levitzki, Russian-American pianist and composer (b. 1898)[164] 1946 – Joe Darling, Australian cricketer and politician (b. 1870)[165] 1950 – James Dooley, Irish-Australian politician, 21st Premier of New South Wales (b. 1877)[166] 1951 – William Campion, English colonel and politician, 21st Governor of Western Australia (b. 1870)[167] 1953 – Guccio Gucci, Italian businessman and fashion designer, founder of Gucci (b. 1881)[168] 1960 – Paul Sauvé, Canadian lawyer and politician, 17th Premier of Quebec (b. 1907)[169] 1963 – Dick Powell, American actor, singer, and director (b. 1904)[170] 1963 – Jack Carson, Canadian-American actor (b. 1910)[170] 1974 – Tex Ritter, American actor (b. 1905)[171] 1975 – Siraj Sikder, Bangladesh revolutionary leader (b. 1944)[172] 1977 – Erroll Garner, American pianist and composer (b. 1921)[173] 1986 – Una Merkel, American actress (b. 1903)[174] 1987 – Harekrushna Mahatab, Indian journalist and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Odisha (b. 1899)[175] 1989 – Safdar Hashmi, Indian actor, director, and playwright (b. 1954)[176] 1990 – Alan Hale Jr., American film and television actor (b. 1921)[177] 1990 – Evangelos Averoff, Greek historian and politician, Greek Minister for National Defence (b. 1910)[177] 1994 – Dixy Lee Ray, American biologist and politician; 17th Governor of Washington (b. 1914)[178] 1994 – Pierre-Paul Schweitzer, French lawyer and businessman (b. 1915)[179] 1995 – Nancy Kelly, American actress (b. 1921)[180] 1995 – Siad Barre, Somalian general and politician; 3rd President of Somalia (b. 1919)[181] 1999 – Rolf Liebermann, Swiss-French composer and manager (b. 1910)[182] 1999 – Sebastian Haffner, German journalist and author (b. 1907)[183] 2000 – Elmo Zumwalt, American admiral (b. 1920)[184] 2000 – Patrick O'Brian, English author and translator (b. 1914)[185] 2001 – William P. Rogers, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 55th United States Secretary of State (b. 1913) 2005 – Maclyn McCarty, American geneticist and physician (b. 1911)[186] 2006 – Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, Filipino lawyer and jurist (b. 1913)[187] 2006 – Osa Massen, Danish-American actress (b. 1914) [188] 2007 – A. Richard Newton, Australian-American engineer and academic (b. 1951) 2007 – Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, American historian and author (b. 1941)[189] 2007 – Teddy Kollek, Hungarian-Israeli politician, Mayor of Jerusalem (b. 1911)[190] 2008 – George MacDonald Fraser, Scottish journalist and author (b. 1925)[191] 2008 – Lee S. Dreyfus, American sailor, academic, and politician, 40th Governor of Wisconsin (b. 1926) 2009 – Inger Christensen, Danish poet and author (b. 1935)[192] 2009 – Dnyaneshwar Agashe, Indian businessman and cricketer (b. 1942) 2010 – David R. Ross, Scottish historian and author (b. 1958)[193] 2011 – Anne Francis, American actress (b. 1930)[194] 2011 – Bali Ram Bhagat, Indian politician; 16th Governor of Rajasthan (b. 1922)[195] 2011 – Pete Postlethwaite, English actor (b. 1946)[196] 2012 – Gordon Hirabayashi, American-Canadian sociologist and academic (b. 1918)[197] 2012 – Silvana Gallardo, American actress and producer (b. 1953)[198] 2012 – William P. Carey, American businessman and philanthropist, founded W. P. Carey (b. 1930)[199] 2013 – Gerda Lerner, Austrian-American historian, author, and academic (b. 1920)[200] 2013 – Teresa Torańska, Polish journalist and author (b. 1944)[201] 2014 – Bernard Glasser, American director and producer (b. 1924)[202] 2014 – Elizabeth Jane Howard, English author and screenwriter (b. 1923)[203] 2015 – Tihomir Novakov, Serbian-American physicist and academic (b. 1929)[204] 2016 – Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1924)[205] 2016 – Frances Cress Welsing, American psychiatrist and author (b. 1935)[206] 2016 – Nimr al-Nimr, Saudi Arabian religious leader (b. 1959)[207] 2016 – Gisela Mota Ocampo, mayor of Temixco, Morelos, Mexico, assassinated (b. 1982)[208] 2017 – Jean Vuarnet, French ski racer (b. 1933)[209] 2017 – John Berger, English art critic, novelist and painter (b. 1926)[210] 2018 – Guida Maria, Portuguese actress (b. 1950)[211] 2018 – Thomas S. Monson, American religious leader, 16th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1927)[212] 2019 – Daryl Dragon, American musician (b. 1942)[213] 2019 – Bob Einstein, American actor and comedian (b. 1942)[214] 2019 – Gene Okerlund, American wrestling announcer (b. 1942)[215] |
| Manabadi Team | Sudhakar |
