Important Questions of Management of Natural Resources Class 10 Science Chapter 16
Question 1.
Switching off unnecessary lights and fans and repairing leaking taps correctly defines which terms of 5Rs?
Year of Question :(2016)
- (a) Recycle
- (b) Reuse
- (c) Repurpose
- (d) Reduce (2020)
Answer:
Question 2.
"We need to manage our resources." List two reasons to justify this statement?
Year of Question :(2014)
Answer:
We need to manage our natural resources because (i) the resources of the earth are limited and (ii) the proper management of our resources ensures their equitable distribution
Question 3.
List two items which can be easily recycled, but we generally throw them in the dust-bins?
Year of Question :(2014)
Answer:
Newspapers and tin cans are the two items that can be easily recycled
Question 4.
How do advantages of exploiting natural resources with short term gains in mind differ from the advantages of managing our resources with a long-term perspective?
Year of Question :(2016)
Answer:
The advantages of exploiting resources with short term aim is to meet the immediate basic human needs. Short term exploitation of natural resources meets the current demand. It is beneficial for the present generation only whereas management of resources with long term perspective is aimed to fulfil the needs of future generations. Long term use of resources can be achieved through their sustainable use
Question 5.
Why is an equitable distribution of resources essential in a society? List two forces which are against such distribution?
Year of Question :(2016)
Answer:
Equitable distribution of natural resources is necessary so that all and not just a handful of rich and powerful people use them. Two forces against equitable distribution of resources are
- Industrialisation
- Profit makers who want to make profit from these resources
Question 6.
"Reuse is better than recycling of materials". Give reason to justify this statement. ?
Year of Question :(2016)
Answer:
Reuse is better than recycling because the process of reuse does not require any energy as in the case of recycling. I lie reuse strategy comprises using things again and again. For example, used envelopes can be used again to make notes
Question 7.
What is sustainable development? State its two main objectives?
Year of Question :(2016)
Answer:
Sustainable development can be defined as management of available resources and development of new techniques for use ol natural resources to meet the changing basic human needs, at the same time preserving the resources for the need of future generations. The two main objectives of sustainable development are
- To reduce the dependence on the conventional sources and adopt non-conventional sources of energy
- Evolving new technology and conserving natural resources
Question 8.
- (a) Why do we need to manage our resources carefully
- (b) Why management of natural resources requires a long term perspective? (Delhi 2015)
Answer:
- (a) The resources of earth are limited and their demand is increasing day by day with ever growing population. So, we have to avoid their wastage and should properly manage, conserve and replenish our natural resources
- (b) Management of natural resources requires a long term perspective so that they can last for generations to come and may not be merely exploited for short term gains
Question 9.
What is meant by "sustainable management"?
Why is reuse considered better than recycling?
Year of Question :(2015)
Answer:
Sustainable management means managing the use of natural resources in a way that they fulfill the needs of present generation and are also conserved for future generations.
Reuse is considered better than recycling because reusing products reduces the amount of waste and saves energy needed to recycle it
Question 10.
Everyone of us can do something to reduce our personal consumption of various natural resources. List four such activities based on 3R approach.?
Year of Question :(2015)
Answer:
Activities which can reduce consumption of natural resources are as follows
- If we take public transport instead of private transport to travel to our destinations then we can help reduce the use of fossil fuels
- Reusing the water used for washing vegetables, to water plants in the garden can help in saving water
- Repairing and reusing old mobiles, televisions, etc., help reduce consumption of natural resources
- Promoting the use of furniture made of metals, fabrics, etc., instead of wood can help to reduce the cutting of trees for making such items
Question 11.
Why is sustainable management of natural resources necessary? Out of the two-reuse and recycle-which, in your opinion is better to practise?
Year of Question :(2015)
Answer:Sustainable management of natural resources is necessary because
- (i) The resources of the earth are limited and because of the rapid increase in human population, the demand for resources is increasing day by day. Proper management can ensure that the natural resources are used judiciously so that they fulfill the needs of present generation and also last for the generations to come
- (ii) It also takes into consideration long-term perspective and prevents exploitation of natural resources for short-term gains.
The process of reuse is better than that of recycling because some energy is used to recycle old objects but no energy is required during reuse
Question 12.
What is meant by three types of R (3Rs) to save the environment? Explain with examples how would you follow the 3Rs in your school to save the environment. ?
Year of Question :(2015)
Answer:
3Rs to save tire environment are reduce, recycle and reuse. For sustainable use of resources, the three Rs can be practised in school in following ways:
Reduce : Switching off unnecessary lights and fans when not in use, avoiding wastage of food, closing of over flowing taps.
Recycle : Students should segregate the wastes generated in classroom and should discard them in separate dustbins for their proper disposal. Reuse : Certain items can be reused like old books should not be thrown instead can be given to junior students for their use
Question 13.
Write two advantages of sustainable management of natural resources. Out of the two - reuse and recycle - which is better and why?
Year of Question :(2015)
Answer:
Two advantages of sustainable management of natural resources are
- (i) It avoids wasteful use of natural resources
- (ii) Benefits of the resources are conserved for present as well as future generations
Of the two, reuse and recycle, reuse is better because reusing an item helps to conserve energy that may be required to recycle it
Question 14.
Why is sustainable management of natural resources necessary? Out of the two methods - reuse and recycle - which one would you suggest to practise and why?
Year of Question :(2015)
Answer:
- (i) The resources of the earth are limited and because of the rapid increase in human population, the demand for resources is increasing day by day. Proper management can ensure that the natural resources are used judiciously so that they fulfill the needs of present generation and also last for the generations to come
- (ii) It also takes into consideration long-term perspective and prevents exploitation of natural resources for short-term gains.
The process of reuse is better than that of recycling because some energy is used to recycle old objects but no energy is required during reuse
Question 15.
State the meaning of "sustainable management". Reuse is better than recycling. How?
Year of Question :(2015)
Answer:
Sustainable management means managing the use of natural resources in a way that they fulfill the needs of present generation and are also conserved for future generations.
Reuse is considered better than recycling because reusing products reduces the amount of waste and saves energy needed to recycle it
Question 16.
How can we help in reducing the problem of waste disposal? Suggest any three methods?
Year of Question :(2019)
Answer:
In our daily lives, we generate a lot of useless materials and discard them. The useless left over or discarded materials are termed as wastes. Disposal of waste materials is a global problem of high magnitude. Waste disposal literally means getting rid of wastes. We can help in reducing the problem of waste disposal by adopting following approaches
- (i) Reduce : This means that we can use less of the things or resources. For example, we can reduce the use of electricity by switching off unnecessary lights and fans or the use of water by turning off the tap while brushing or shaving. We can use both sides of paper, for writing, do not waste food or take only that much food which we can finish, etc. Thus, by adopting such methods, we can reduce the problem of waste disposal to a larger extent
- (ii) Recycle : There are certain items such as plastic, clothes, paper, glass, metal, etc., in our houses which are usually thrown in the garbage when not of any use. This should not be practiced and we should try the practice of recycling. We should segregate wastes into biodegradable (domestic sewage, livestock wastes, etc.) and non- biodegradable (plastics, glass, metals, etc.). The biodegradable wastes should be dumped into preplanned site to be converted into manure or landfilling. The non-biodegradable wastes should be sent to respective recycling units where these are remoulded and again put to use
- (iii) Reuse : The reuse strategy comprises using things again and again. For example, instead of throwing away used plastic bottles in which we buy various food items like jam or pickle, tea leaves, sweets, etc., we can use them for storing things in the kitchen. Mobile phones, camera, TV sets should be repaired when required instead of throwing them and getting new ones. Newspapers and magazines can be used to make envelopes and paper bags, etc
Question 17.
Consider the following criticisms that are generally addressed when a new project is launched?
Year of Question :(2016)
- I. Displacement of peasants and local tribals without compensation
- II. Swallowing up large amount of public money without any benefits
- III. Deforestation and loss of biodiversity. The criticisms about large dams in particular are
- (a) I and II
- (b) II and III
- (c) I and III
- (d) I, II and III. (2020)
Answer:
Question 18.
The Reni village of Garhwal is famous for?
Year of Question :(2016)
- (a) monocultures of pine, teak and Eucalyptus
- (b) Chipko movement
- (c) extensive biodiversity
- (d) participation of local people in efficient management of forests. (2020)
Answer:
Question 19.
The major ill effect of monoculture practice in forests is on the?
Year of Question :(2016)
- (a) biodiversity which faces large destruction
- (b) local people whose basic needs can no longer be met from such forests
- (c) industries
- (d) forest department. (2020)
Answer:
- (a) biodiversity which faces large destruction
Question 20.
What is meant by wildlife? How is it important for us?
Year of Question :(2017)
Answer::
Life in any form (plants or animals), which
exists in its natural hahiLaL is called wildlife. Wildlife is very important for us, as it provides ecological stability by maintaining the food chain. Wildlife is important to us in following ways
- Wildlife is a renewable source of large variety of commercial products like food, fur, lac, musk, leather, feather, ivory, timber, fibre, fodder, fuel, medicines, etc., which can be used from time to time
- Wildlife is considered as gene bank, which can be used for producing high yielding plants and animals through the process of selection and hybridisation
- The wildlife can be used commercially to earn money through tourism (jungle safari, etc.) as it provides best means of sports and recreation
Question 21.
Management of forest and wild life resources is a very challenging task. Why? Give any two reasons?
Year of Question :(2017)
Answer:
Management of the forest and wildlife resources is considered as a challenging task as there are many stakeholders of forest. These stakeholders are directly or indirectly involved in forest and wildlife resources. These stakeholders are
- The people who live in or around forests and are dependent on forest products for various aspects of their lives
- The industrialists who use various forest products and the wildlife enthusiasts who want to conserve the forest and wildlife
- The Forest Department of the Government which owns the land and controls the resources from forests
Maintaining the interest of all the stakeholders is a challenging task as
- Due to industrialisation and urbanisation forest resources are depleting
- There are profit makers who want to make money from this resource
Question 22.
Why must we conserve our forests? List two factors responsible for causing deforestation?
Year of Question :(2016)
Answer:
We must conserve our forests as they are useful resources. Forests are useful to us in many ways
- They provide living places (natural habitats), shelter, protection and food to our wildlife
- They provide timber for making furniture, houses, boats and other useful things of daily use
- They provide raw materials for paper, rayon and many other industries
- They are the rich source of many other things like honey, lac, medicines, dyes, katha, sandalwood, spices, etc
- They help in maintaining a balance of gases like CO2 and O2 in the atmosphere, etc
Two main reasons for deforestation are as follows
- Indiscriminate felling of trees for the purpose of timber, fuel and industrial demand of wood, building dams, etc.
- Over-grazing by a large livestock population
Question 23.
State two advantages of conserving (i) forests, and (ii) wildlife?
Year of Question :(2017)
Answer:
Two advantages of conserving forests and wildlife are
- (i) Forests
- (a) Forests provide us a number of valuable goods i.e., wood, spices, rubber, etc
- (b) Forests help to reduce atmospheric pollution. They absorb CO2, collect suspended particles and reduce noise
- (ii) Wildlife
- (a) Wildlife helps to maintain ecological balance of nature
- (b) Wild animals are a source of valuable products like ivory, honey, musk, etc
Question 24.
Explain giving example where active involvement of local people lead to efficient management of forest?
Year of Question :(2016)
Answer:
Active participation of public and their support must be generated in order to conserve our forests and wildlife to achieve the real goal of eco- developmenl. An example of public participation in conservation of forest and wildlife is the case of the Bishnoi Community in Rajasthan. In 1731, Amrita Devi Bishnoi sacrificed her life along with 363 others for the protection ofKheiri trees in Khejarli village near Jodhpur in Rajasthan
Question 25.
"What was Chipko Andolan"? How did this Andolan ultimately benefit the local people and the environment?
Year of Question :(2016)
Answer:
The Chipko Andolan (tree hugging movement) is an example of the contribution of common people towards the conservation of forests. The Chipko Andolan originated from an incidence in a remote village of Garhwal, high up in the Himalayas in the early 1970s. A logging contractor had been allowed to cut down trees in a forest close to a village. The people of the village did not want this forest to be cleared because it would spoil their healthy environment. One day, when the men folk of the village were out for work, the contractors workers came in the forest to cut down the trees.
In the absence of men, the women of the village reached the forest quickly and clasped the tree trunks with their arms, preventing the workers from cutting them down. The forest trees were thus saved. The Chipko movement quickly spread across all the communities and helped in the conservation of forests thereby contributing to the service of mankind. Both local people and environment were benefitted due to conservation of food, fodder, fuel, fibre and fertiliser trees
Question 26.
Forests are "biodiversity hotspots". Justify this statement?
Year of Question :(2016)
Answer:
Forests are reservoirs of diversity. They contain different species of plants, animals and all sorts of living organisms. Forests are also under severe threat due to habitat loss, climate change and extensive species loss. Hence, they are considered as biodiversity hotspots
Question 27.
List four stakeholders which may be helpful in the conservation of forests?
Year of Question :(2016)
Answer:
Major stakeholders of forest resources are
- Local people
- The Forest department of the Government
- The Industrialists
- The nature and wildlife enthusiasts
Question 28.
List four causes of damage to forests?
Year of Question :(2016)
Answer:
Four causes of damage to forests are
- Increasing human population necessitates the expansion of human habilitation which requires clearing of forests to make more land available for residential purposes
- Rapid industrialisation also mandates setting up of new factories. Land for factory set up is also made available by clearing forests
- Ever increasing human population increases the demand of fresh supply of wooden furniture and other items for which trees are cut
- Forest fires resulting from mishandling of inflammable objects, left unattended campfire, negligently discarded cigarettes etc., by humans causes damage to forests on a large scale
Question 29.
How did Chipko Andolan ultimately benefit the local people? Explain briefly. ?
Year of Question :(2016)
Answer:
The Chipko Andolan (tree hugging movement) is an example of the contribution of common people towards the conservation of forests. The Chipko Andolan originated from an incidence in a remote village of Garhwal, high up in the Himalayas in the early 1970s. A logging contractor had been allowed to cut down trees in a forest close to a village. The people of the village did not want this forest to be cleared because it would spoil their healthy environment. One day, when the men folk of the village were out for work, the contractors workers came in the forest to cut down the trees.
In the absence of men, the women of the village reached the forest quickly and clasped the tree trunks with their arms, preventing the workers from cutting them down. The forest trees were thus saved. The Chipko movement quickly spread across all the communities and helped in the conservation of forests thereby contributing to the service of mankind. Both local people and environment were benefitted due to conservation of food, fodder, fuel, fibre and fertiliser trees
Question 30.
List four measures that can be taken to conserve forests?
Year of Question :(2015)
Answer:
Measures to conserve forests are
- Afforestation - Plantation of trees to meet basic needs
- Instead of cutting trees for fuel wood we should use alternative sources of energy such as biogas
- By adopting agro and urban forestry methods
- By limiting human interference such as settlement, cropping, recreation, etc
Question 31.
Why are forests considered "biodiversity hot¬spots"? List two ways in which an individual can contribute effectively to the management of forests and wildlife?
Year of Question :(2015)
Answer:
Two ways in which individuals can contribute effectively to the management of forests and wildlife are
- By protecting the natural habitats of wild animals by identification, breeding, nursing habitats of each species
- By planting trees and by maintaining the wildlife protected areas
Question 32.
What is biodiversity? What will happen if biodiversity of an area is not preserved? Mention one effect of it?
Year of Question :(2015)
Answer:
Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of living organisms on earth or in a particular habitat. Biodiversity forms the foundation of the vast array of ecosystem services (pollination, food, timber, spices, etc.) that critically contribute to human well being. Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, has an important role to play. Hence, biodiversity is required for maintaining ecological balance. Loss of biodiversity will disturb ecological balance and create an ecological imbalance. Moreover it will deprive humans of some important ecological services
Question 33.
What is meant by biodiversity? List two advantages of conserving forests and wildlife. ?
Year of Question :(2015)
Answer:
Two advantages of conserving forests and wildlife are
- (i) Forests
- (a) Forests provide us a number of valuable goods i.e., wood, spices, rubber, etc
- (b) Forests help to reduce atmospheric pollution. They absorb CO2, collect suspended particles and reduce noise
- (ii) Wildlife
- (a) Wildlife helps to maintain ecological balance of nature
- (b) Wild animals are a source of valuable products like ivory, honey, musk, etc
Question 34.
List two problems that may arise by planting trees of single variety over vast tracts of forest?
Year of Question :(2015)
Answer:
Two major problems that may arise by planting trees of single variety over a vast tract of forest are
- Loss of biodiversity
- Varied need of the local people will not be fulfilled
Question 35.
List two criteria of measuring the biodiversity of an area?
Year of Question :(2014)
Answer:
The basic criteria of measuring the biodiversity of an area are
- The presence of varied number of organisms and the type of ecosystem present in the area
- Indicator organisms are also a measure of biodiversity
Question 36.
Monoculture of a particular type of tree is no substitute for natural forests. List two reasons to justify this statement?
Year of Question :(2013)
Answer:
Monoculture of few plants is useful for few industries. It is a source of earning for the forest department only but leads to loss of biodiversity and also varied needs of villagers and local people cannot he met. Hence, it cannot he a substitute of natural forest
Question 37.
- (a) Why should National Parks be allowed to remain in their pristine form
- (b) Why is reuse of materials better than recycling
Answer:
- (a) National parks are the areas maintained by government and reserved for betterment of wildlife. It is a place where cultivation, grazing, forestry, habitat manipulation and other activities are restricted. They are allowed to remain in their pristine form because they contain highest biological diversity, natural habitats for many wild animals, flora and fauna. National parks are essential for stability of ecosystem and having influence on health and social prosperity. If these parks will not remain in their pristine form then the sustainable benefits for the present as well as future strategies will not obtained. We can easily harvest useful genes to develop high yielding plants and animals to remain them in their pristine form because population recovers in natural habitat
- (b) Reuse is better than recycling because the process of reuse does not require any energy as in the case of recycling. The reuse strategy comprises using things again and again. For example, newspapers and magazines can be used to make envelopes
Question 38.
Which one of the following is responsible for the sustenance of underground water?
Year of Question :(2017)
- (a) Loss of vegetation cover
- (b) Diversion for high water demanding crops
- (c) Pollution from urban wastes
- (d) Afforestation (2020)
Answer:
Question 39.
A diagram of traditional water harvesting system is given below:
The statement which defines the system and its parts is?
Year of Question :(2016)
- (a) This is an ideal setting of the Khadin system and A = Catchment area; B = Saline area and C = Shallow dugwell
- (b) This is an ideal setting of the Shallow dugwell system and A = Catchment area; B = Saline area and C = Khadin
- (c) This is an ideal setting of Catchment area and A = Khadin, B = Saline area and C = Shallow dugwell
- (d) This is showing Saline area and A = Catchment area; B = Khadin and C = Shallow dugwell.(2020)
Answer:
- (a) This is an ideal setting of the Khadin system and A = Catchment area; B = Saline area and C = Shallow dugwell
Question 40.
Bandharas and Tals are age old water harvesting concepts/structures found in?
Year of Question :(2016)
- (a) Bihar
- (b) Maharashtra
- (c) Tamil Nadu
- (d) Rajasthan. (2020)
Answer:
Question 41.
Which of the following are water intensive crops?
Year of Question :(2016)
- (a) Wheat and rice
- (b) Wheat and sugarcane
- (c) Sugarcane and rice
- (d) Wheat and gram (2020)
Answer:
Question 42.
Water is a valuable resource. List two ways that you would suggest every family member to save this resource?
Year of Question :(2014)
Answer:
Water is a valuable resource and to save this resource two suggestive methods are
- Preventing wastage of water, in household by turning off tap when not in use while brushing, shaving, etc., and in public places
- Promoting reusing water like water used for washing vegetables can be reused for watering garden plants
Question 43.
List two measures that you would suggest for the better management of water resources?
Year of Question :(2014)
Answer:
Water is a valuable resource and to save this resource two suggestive methods are
- Preventing wastage of water, in household by turning off tap when not in use while brushing, shaving, etc., and in public places
- Promoting reusing water like water used for washing vegetables can be reused for watering garden plants
Question 44.
What is watershed management system? List two benefits derived by the communities that participate in this system?
Year of Question :(2014)
Answer:
Watershed management emphasises scientific soil and water conservation in order to increase the biomass production. The aim is to develop primary resources of land and water so that they can be used to produce secondary resources of plants and animals without causing the ecological imbalance. Benefits derived from watershed management are
- It identifies degraded area of land and emphasises the need of the improvement of quality and quantity of clean water to the local community and thus ensures their participation
- Construction of a series of long trenches and mounds to hold rain water and allow it to percolate into the ground, thus increasing the groundwater
Question 45.
List two advantages of building dams?
Year of Question :(2014)
Answer:
Two advantages of building dams are
- It helps in irrigation
- It helps to generate electricity
Question 46.
List two causes of pollution of river Ganga?
Year of Question :(2014)
Answer:
The two causes of pollution of river Ganga are
- Increasing human activities like bathing, washing clothes, bathing of animals, in river water
- Dumping of industrial wastes and ashes of corpses which are cremated in the water of river Ganga
Question 47.
Explain two main advantages associated with water harvesting at the community level. ?
Year of Question :(2017)
Answer:
Two advantages of water harvesting at community level are
- Water can be used for irrigation
- Water can be used to recharge wells and to raise the water table
Question 48.
List four advantages of properly managed watershed management?
Year of Question :(2016)
Answer:
Four advantages of properly managed watershed management are
- It increases the crop production
- It increases the income of the watershed community
- It reduces the menace of drought and floods
- It enhances the life of downstream dams and reservoirs
Question 49.
What is water harvesting? How can this technique help in the conservation of water?
Year of Question :(2014)
Answer:
Water harvesting is the technique used to capture and store rainwater for future use by making special water harvesting structures. Properly stored rainwater can be used for human consumption, irrigation and can be used to raise the water table. Hence, it helps in the conservation of water
Question 50.
The construction of large dams leads to social and environmental problems. List two problems of each category?
Year of Question :(2016)
Answer:
Social and environmental problems that arise due to building of dams are
- (a) Social problems
- People residing in the area where dam is being built are rendered homeless
- Unequal distribution of water is another social problem
- (b) Environmental problems
- Deforestation
- Loss of biodiversity
Important Questions & Answers - Chapter 16: Management of Natural Resources (Class 10)
Question 1.
Why do we need to manage our natural resources?
Answer:
Limited Availability:
Natural resources like "coal", "petroleum", and "water" are not unlimited.
Overuse can lead to depletion, making them unavailable for future generations.
Rising Demand:
Growing human "population" increases demand for resources.
With better "healthcare", the population is growing, leading to higher resource consumption.
Environmental Impact:
Resource extraction like "mining" can cause pollution and damage ecosystems.
Sustainable management ensures less damage to the environment.
Equitable Distribution:
Proper management ensures that resources are shared among all sections of society.
Prevents concentration of resources among the rich and powerful.
Question 2.
What are the "Three R’s" in resource management? Explain each with an example.
Answer:
Reduce:
Definition: Using "less" of resources to conserve them.
Example: Turning off "lights" when not needed to save electricity.
Recycle:
Definition: Converting "waste" materials into reusable products.
Example: Recycling "plastic" bottles to create new products.
Reuse:
Definition: Using items more than once to extend their life.
Example: Using old "glass jars" for storing spices in the kitchen.
Question 3.
What are the benefits of "rainwater harvesting"?
Answer:
Recharges Groundwater:
Helps to increase the level of "groundwater" by collecting rainwater.
Reduces Water Scarcity:
Useful in areas with "low rainfall" or "seasonal water shortages".
Environment-Friendly:
Reduces dependency on "groundwater" extraction, preventing overuse.
Cost-effective:
Low-cost method compared to large "dams" or "canals".
Question 4.
Explain the role of stakeholders in the management of forests.
Answer:
Local Communities:
Depend on forests for "firewood", "timber", and "herbs".
Have traditional knowledge of sustainable forest use.
Forest Department:
Manages forest lands and regulates "logging" activities.
Responsible for the conservation of forest areas.
Industries:
Use forest resources like "timber" and "bamboo" for manufacturing.
Need to follow regulations to avoid over-exploitation.
Conservationists:
Focus on preserving "biodiversity" and "wildlife".
Advocate for minimal human interference in forest areas.
Question 5.
What was the "Chipko Movement"?
Answer:
Origin:
Started in the "1970s" in "Reni" village of "Garhwal", "Himalayas".
Purpose:
To prevent "deforestation" by stopping contractors from cutting trees.
Method:
Villagers, especially "women", hugged the trees to prevent them from being cut.
Impact:
Raised awareness about "sustainable" forest use.
Encouraged government to rethink forest management practices.
Question 6.
List the social, economic, and environmental problems associated with building large "dams".
Answer:
Social Problems:
"Displacement" of people living in areas that are submerged.
Lack of "compensation" and proper "rehabilitation" for displaced families.
Economic Problems:
High "cost" of construction.
Often do not provide the expected "benefits" in terms of water supply or electricity.
Environmental Problems:
Leads to "deforestation" and loss of "biodiversity".
Alters natural flow of "rivers", affecting aquatic life.
Question 7.
What are "fossil fuels" and why should we use them judiciously?
Answer:
Definition:
"Fossil fuels" like "coal" and "petroleum" are energy sources formed from ancient "biomass".
Finite Resource:
They are non-renewable and will eventually be "exhausted".
Pollution:
Their "combustion" releases "carbon dioxide" and other harmful gases.
Contributes to "global warming" and "air pollution".
Energy Alternatives:
Necessary to explore other sources like "solar" and "wind" energy to reduce dependence.
Question 8.
What is "sustainable development" and why is it important?
Answer:
Definition:
Development that meets "current needs" without compromising the ability of "future generations" to meet theirs.
Importance:
Ensures "long-term" availability of resources.
Protects the "environment" while supporting "economic growth".
Maintains a balance between "development" and "conservation".
Question 9.
What is the role of "watershed management" in conserving water?
Answer:
Definition:
Managing "soil" and "water" resources in a specific area to increase productivity.
Benefits:
Improves "soil fertility" and "vegetation cover".
Helps in controlling "floods" and "droughts".
Increases "groundwater" levels.
Examples:
"Small dams", "check dams", and "contour ploughing".
Question 10.
How can individuals contribute to the management of natural resources?
Answer:
Forest Conservation:
Planting "trees" and participating in "afforestation" programs.
Water Conservation:
Using "bucket" instead of shower for bathing.
Fixing "leaky taps" to avoid wastage.
Reducing Fossil Fuel Use:
Using "public transport" or "carpooling".
Opting for "energy-efficient" appliances at home.