The Age of Industrialisation

1.The person who got people from village, ensured them jobs, helped them settle in cities and provided them money in times of need was known as: [CBSE 2011]?

• Stapler
• Fuller
• Gomastha
• Jobber

ans: Jobber

2.Why did Manchester export to India decline after the First World War?

• People were busy fighting the war
• Factories closed down due to security problem
• Factories and mills were busy producing goods to fulfill the need of army
• Export trade was restricted by the government

ans: Factories closed down due to security problem

3.Why were workers in England hostile to machines and new technology?

• They did not know how to use these
• They feared that they would lose their jobs and livelihood
• The workers were too poor to buy new machines
• They were scared of machines

ans: They feared that they would lose their jobs and livelihood

4.Why were there frequent clashes between the gomastha and the weavers?

• The weavers hated foreigners
• The gomastha forced the weavers to sell goods at a dictated price
• Gomasthas were outsiders without long term social link with the village
• None of the above

ans:Gomasthas were outsiders without long term social link with the village

5. which of the following trade did the early entrepreneurs make a fortune?

• Textile trade
• China trade
• Trade in tea
• Industries

ans: China trade

6.Which of the following was a European managing agency?

• Tata Iron and Steel Company
• Andrew Yule
• Elgin Mill
• Birla industries

ans: Andrew Yule

7.Why did the weavers suffer from a problem of raw cotton?

• The cotton crop perished
• Raw cotton exports increased
• Local markets shrank
• Export market collapsed

ans: Raw cotton exports increased

8. In Victorian Britain the upper classes- aristocratic class and bourgeoisie preferred handmade goods because?

• they were made from imported material
• the handmade goods came to symbolize refinement and class
• they were better finished
• only upper class could afford the expensive items

ans: they were made from imported material

9. 19th century why did the British manufacturers print calendars for advertisements?

• Indian people were fond of using calendars in their houses
• Unlike newspapers and magazines, calendars were used even by people who did not know how to read or write
• It was cheaper to advertise goods through calendars
• It used to add beauty to the room

ans: Unlike newspapers and magazines, calendars were used even by people who did not know how to read or write

10. innovations helped the weavers in increasing productivity and compete with mill sector?

• Spining jenny
• Fly shuttle
• Cotton Gin
• Roller

ans: Fly shuttle

11. In the 17th century, merchants from towns in Europe moved to the countryside to?

• supply money to peasants and artisans to persuade them to produce for international markets
• persuade them to settle in towns
• provide them with small workshops
• stop them from working for other companies

ans: supply money to peasants and artisans to persuade them to produce for international markets

12.Name the first industrial country in the world?

• France
• Japan
• Britain
• Germany

ans: Japan

13. Why couldnt the merchants expand production within towns?

• The powerful guilds did not allow them to do so
• New merchants were not competent enough to carry on production work and trade
• New merchants had inadequate capital
• Competent weavers and artisans were not available in towns

ans: The powerful guilds did not allow them to do so

14. Where was the first cotton mill established?

• Bombay
• Ahmedabad
• Kanpur
• Madras

ans: Bombay

15. Who devised the Spinning Jenny?

• James Hargreaves
• James Watt
• Richard Arkwright
• Samuel Luke

ans: James Hargreaves

16.How did urban merchants acquire trade monopoly?

• The old merchants had won over the weavers and artisans
• The powerful members of the guilds had bribed the rulers
• The rulers granted different guilds the monopoly right and trade of specific products
• The guilds were so powerful that they did not allow new merchants to enter into the field of trade

ans: The rulers granted different guilds the monopoly right and trade of specific products

17. Indian industrial growth increased after First World War because?

• British opened new factories in India
• New technological changes occurred
• Indian mills now had a vast home market to supply to
• India became independent

ans: Indian mills now had a vast home market to supply to

18.Which of the following helped the production of handloom cloth?

• Imposition of export duties
• Technological changes
• Government regulations
• Import duties

ans: Government regulations

19. Why was it difficult to get a job in a factory in 19th century Britain?

• Employers were looking for only skilled workers and they rejected inexperienced applicants
• The number of jobs were less than the number of job seekers
• Employers did not prefer migrants
• Employers wanted educated workers

ans: The number of jobs were less than the number of job seekers

20. What made workers become hostile to the Spinning Jenny?

• Common people had not yet accepted machine-made products
• To some people machines appeared as monsters
• It had reduced the demand for labour
• Hand-made goods were still popular

ans: It had reduced the demand for labour

21. Which of the following is not a reason why industrialists in 19th century Europe preferred hand labour over machines?

• There was abundance of labour, so wages were low
• Hand labour produced uniform and standardised goods for a mass market
• Machines required huge capital investment
• Industries, where demand was seasonal, industrialists preferred hand labour

ans: Hand labour produced uniform and standardised goods for a mass market

22. After 1940s, building activity opened up greater opportunities of employment. What kind of work was introduced?

• Construction of big business houses
• Construction of mills and factories
• Construction of railway lines, railway stations and digging up of tunnels
• Construction of cinema halls for entertainment

ans: Construction of railway lines railway stations and digging up of tunnels

23. Coarser cotton was produced in many countries but finer varieties came from?

• Persia
• India
• China
• Surinam

ans: India

24. With the growth of colonial power, trade through the new ports of Bombay and Calcutta came to be controlled by?

• Indian merchants
• European companies
• The East India Company
• British Parliament

ans: European companies

25. Identify the incorrect option. Early entrepreneur of India?

• Dwarkanath Tagore of Bengal
• Seth Hukumchand of Calcutta
• Bhai Bhosle of Bombay
• Dinshaw Petit and Jamsetjee . Nusserwanjee-Parsis of Bombay

ans: Bhai Bhosle of Bombay

26. How did the mill owners organize the recruitment of workers? Choose the correct answer from the list given below?

• They were recruited through tests/ examinations
• Selection boards used to be set up
• Owners employed through jobbers (very often the jobber was an old trustworthy worker)
• Family members of the owners were recruited

ans: Owners employed through jobbers (very often the jobber was an old trustworthy worker

27. Why did the weavers suffer from a problem of raw cotton?

• Raw cotton exports increased
• The cotton crop perished
• Local markets shrank
• Export market collapsed

ans: Raw cotton exports increased

28. Name the most dynamic industry in Britain?

• Food processing
• Leather goods production
• Cotton and metal industries
• Electronic goods production

ans: Cotton and metal industries

29. How did the East India Company prevent the Indian weavers from dealing with other companies?

• Paid higher prices for their products
• Bought them off as slaves
• Offered them loans for their production
• Imposed extra tarrif to discourage them to deal with other foreigners

ans: Offered them loans for their production

30. Which war materials were produced in India to supply to Britain during World War I?

• Gunpowder, cannons and other ammunition
• Jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots
• Medicines for the wounded soldiers
• Hammers, axes and other building material

ans: Jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots

31. Guilds were associations of ---------?

ans: traders

32. --------- was a mechanical device used for weaving?

ans: Fly shuttle

33. Manchester in England was well-known for ---------?

ans:textile production

34. The yam produced in Indian industries was exported to ---------?

ans:China

35. The expansion of railways boosted the growth of --------- and --------- industries?

ans:iron and steel

36. In Bengal, Dwarakanath Tagore made his fortune in China Trade. (True/False)?

ans:True

37. G.D. Birla was a Parsi entrepreneur who built huge industrial empire in India. (True/False)?

ans: False

38. Advertisements make the products appear desirable and necessary. (True/False)?

ans:True

39. When there is plenty of labour, wages are low. (True/False)?

ans:True

40. In European society, members of the royal family are referred as bourgeoisie. (True/False)?

ans:False

41. Match the columns?

(iv) James Hargreaves

Column A	Column B
Gomasthas	(i) Seth Hukumchand
Spinning Jenny	(ii) Official who acted as company agent
Steam engine	(iii) Richard Arkwright
Cotton mill
First Indian jute mill	James Watt

ans:

• (ii)
• (iv)
• (v)
• (iii)
• (i)

42. What is proto-industrialisation?

ans:Proto-industrialisation refers to the early phase of industrialisation in Europe and England where production was mainly done by hands

43. Why the merchants from towns in Europe began to move countryside in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? [CBSE 2018]?

ans:To engage the peasants and artisans to produce goods for an international market

44. What were the factors that led to an increased demand for goods?

ans:Expansion of trade and acquisition of colonies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries led to an increasing demand for goods

45. What were trade guilds?

ans:Associations of traders and merchants that trained crafts people, maintained control over production and regulated prices

46. Who is a stapler?

ans:A stapler is a person who sorts wool according to its fibre

47. Define Fuller?

ans:A person who fulls or gathers a cloth by pleating is known as fuller

48. Which city was known as finishing centre?

ans:Explanation: London

49. What was the first symbol of the new era in England in the late 18th century?

ans:Cotton became the first symbol of the new era in England in the late 18th century

50. Define Carding?

ans:Carding is a process in which fibres, such as cotton or wool, are prepared before spinning

51. Who created the first cotton mill?

ans: Richard Arkwright

52. Which industries were the dynamic indus-tries of England during its earliest phase of industrialisation?

ans:Cotton and Iron and steel industries

53. Name any two non-mechanised sectors where ordinary and small innovations formed the basis of growth

ans:Food processing, building, pottery, glass work tanning, furniture making and production of implements. (any two)

54. Who improved upon the steam engine produced by Newcomen?

ans:James Watt

55. Who was regarded as the typical-worker in the mid-nineteenth century?

ans:A traditional craftsperson and labourer who did not operate machines

56. Why did industrialists in Victorian Britain not want to introduce machines?

ans:Machines reduced the requirement of human labour and inferred large capital investment

57. Name the areas that demanded seasonal labour in England?

ans: Gas works, breweries and dockyards

58. Why did the American industrialists favour the use of mechanical power for production in nineteenth century?

ans:Because countries like America had shortage of labour

59. Who invented the Spinning Jenny? [CBSE 2013]?

ans:James Hargreaves

60. Name the Indian goods that dominated the Indian market before the age of machine industries?

ans:Silk and cotton

60. Name the Indian goods that dominated the Indian market before the age of machine industries?

ans: Silk and cotton

61. Name an eminent pre-colonial port. [CBSE 2012]?

ans:Surat

62. To which ports did Surat on the Gujarat coast connect India?

ans:Surat connected India to the Gulf and Red Sea Ports

63. Mention the reason for the decline of the pre¬colonial ports i.e. Surat and Masulipatnam by the 1750?

ans:The European companies became powerful by securing a variety of concessions from local courts and the monopoly rights to trade. Leading to the decline of the pre-colonial ports i.e. Surat and Masulipatnam

64. Name two new ports which grew in importance after the decline of Surat and Hooghly?

ans: Bombay and Calcutta

65. Why was East India Company keen on expanding textile exports from India?

ans:British cotton industries had not yet expanded and the Indian textiles were in great demand in Europe

66. What is the monopoly of trade?

ans:Monopoly of trade is the practice in which a country develops a system of management and control, eliminating competition, control costs, ensure regulated supply of products

67. Why did the East India Company appoint Gomasthas? [CBSE 2018(C)]?

ans:To supervise weavers, collect supplies and examine the quality of cloth

68. Who was Henry Patullo? What did he say about the Indian textiles?

ans:Henry Patullo was an East India Company official. He said that demand for Indian textile could never reduce, because no country produced goods of the same quality

69. Why did Britain turn to India for cotton supplies by 1860s?

ans:Britain turned to India for cotton supplies by 1860s as American civil war cut off the cotton supplies from US

70. What was China trade?

ans:The British in India began exporting opium to China and took tea from China to England. Many Indians participated in this trade, provided finance, procuring supplies and shipping consignments. It- was called China trade

71. Who set up six joint stock companies in Bengal?

ans: Dwarkanath Tagore

72. How did fly shuttle increase handloom cloth production in the 20th century?

ans:It helped weavers to operate large looms and weave large pieces of cloth that increased the handloom production

73. What did the Indian and British manufacturers do to expand their market?

ans:They took the help of advertisement and tried to expand their market

74. Why did the Manchester industrialists begin to put label on the cloth bundles that were sent to India?

ans:The label made the company name familiar to the buyers and also acted as the mark of quality

75. Why were the images of gods and goddesses regularly appeared on the labels?

ans:The labels carrying images of gods and goddesses gave divine approval to the goods being sold so that they appear somewhat familiar to Indian people

76. What message did the Indian manufacturers try to give through advertisements?

ans:The Indian manufacturers tried to convey the message through advertisements that if you cared for the nation then buy Indian goods

77. Who are the bourgeoisie?

ans:The upper middle class in Europe is called the bourgeoisie

78. How did handloom cloth production increase in early 20th century?

ans:Handloom cloth production increased in the early 20th century due to new technology like looms with flying shuttle

79. How did the early Indian entrepreneurs make their fortune?

ans:The early entrepreneurs made their fortune through China trade

80. For which trade did the early entrepreneurs make a fortune?

ans: China trade