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We sought to determine how do working life and private life characteristics relate to sickness absence.

Methods

Questionnaire data for 1,557 female and 1,913 male employees were related to registered sickness absence by multivariate analyses.

Results

Apart from health problems, clear associations with sickness absence were observed for complaints attributed to heavy, arduous work, and sickness presenteeism. The use of tranquilizers, occurrence of bullying, and the existence of a high total workload from paid and unpaid work were associated with sickness absence in women. In men, the use of alcohol as sedative, anxiety of reorganization, not holding a supervisor position, adverse life events, and divorce were related with sickness absence.

Conclusions: Our study identified different areas at work and outside work for women and men that could be targets for actions aiming at preventing high sickness absence.

Shift work, Job Stress, and Late Fetal Loss

The National Birth Cohort in Denmark

Objective

The Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) was used to examine whether shift work or job stress correlate with late fetal loss.

 

Methods

We identified 33,694 pregnancies of daytime workers and 8,075 pregnancies of shift workers in women recruited to the DNBC between 1998 and 2001. Pregnancy outcomes were obtained by linkages to the national registers. Hazard ratios of fetal loss were calculated by using Cox regressions with left truncation.

Results

Fixed night work was associated with fetal loss (hazard ratio = 1.85, 95% confidence interval = 1.00-3.42). No high risk of fetal loss was seen for other types of shift work. Job stress, as measured in our study, was not associated with fetal loss.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that fixed night work during pregnancy increases the risk of late fetal loss

Respiratory Disease in Aggregate Quarry

Workers Related to Risk Factors and Pi

Phenotype        

 

Objective:

To evaluate the respiratory health and its relationship with exposure to silica, smoking, ?1-antitrypsin, and Pi phenotype in aggregate quarries workers.

Methods:

In a prevalence study, 378 subjects were studied, x-ray opacities and pulmonary function was analyzed in relation to cumulative dust exposure, smoking, ?1- antitrypsin, and Pi phenotype.

Results:

The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of round opacities (?0/1) was significantly related to smoking (P <0.001). The predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) percentage had a negative relationship with the product dust? pack-years (P = 0.005). The OR of FEV1 90% was 3.03 for smokers exposed to dust versus nonexposed nonsmokers (P = 0.049). The criteria for dust-tobacco interaction are satisfied. A subgroup with the highest level of ?1-antitrypsin presented more opacities and worse pulmonary function.

Conclusions: Radiologic alterations are found in relation to tobacco. The FEV1 has a negative relation with the product dust-tobacco. No alterations related to Pi phenotype are found. A subgroup with the highest ?1-antitrypsin levels had more radiologic alterations and worse function

Adverse Effects of Occupational Exposure to Lead and Cadmium

Objectives: In this work, we studied impregnation levels of workers occupationally exposed to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), usefulness of early urinary markers of nephrotoxicity, and occurrence of oxidative stress as the underlying mechanism involved in Pb- or Cd-induced adverse effects. Thirtyfive men were recruited from a nonferrous metal smelter. Pb and Cd in blood (B-Pb, B-Cd) and urine (U-Pb, U-Cd) were measured. Relations between oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, selenium, glutathione reductase, glutathione status, 8-hydroxy-2?-deoxyguanosine) and exposure levels, on the one hand, and early urinary markers (alpha-1-microprotein, beta-2-microglobulin, retinol binding protein, alpha and pi-glutathione S-transferases) and exposure levels, on the other hand, were evaluated.